- Zeno of Citium (332–262 BC), founder of Stoicism and the Stoic Academy) (Stoa) in Athens
- Aristo of Chios (fl. 260 BC), pupil of Zeno;
- Herillus of Carthage (fl. 3rd century BC)
- Cleanthes (of Assos) (330–232 BC), second head of Stoic Academy
- Chrysippus (280–204 BC), third head of the academy
- Diogenes of Babylon (230–150 BC)
- Antipater of Tarsus (210–129 BC)
- Panaetius of Rhodes (185–109 BC)
- Posidonius of Apameia (c. 135 BC – 51 BC)
- Diodotus (c. 120 BC – 59 BC), teacher of Cicero
- Cato the Younger (94–46 BC)
- Seneca (4 BC – AD 65)
- Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Moral Letters to Lucilius)
- De Ira (On Anger)
- De Beneficiis (On Benefits)
- De Clementia (On Mercy)
- De Constantia Sapientis (On the Firmness of the Wise)
- De Vita Beata (On the Happy Life)
- De Otio (On Leisure)
- De Providentia (On Providence)
- De Brevitate Vitae (On the Shortness of Life)
- De Tranquillitate Animi (On the tranquility of the mind)
- Consolations
- Gaius Musonius Rufus (1st century AD)
- Rubellius Plautus (AD 33–62)
- Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus (1st century AD)
- Lucius Annaeus Cornutus (1st century AD)
- Epictetus (AD 55–135)
- Hierocles (2nd century AD)
- Marcus Aurelius (AD 121–180)