Sprockets requires version ~> 3 in the main Gemfile wich is actually the same as >= 3, the inteded requirement would be ~> 3.0.
I also didn't see sprockets among dependencies of either solidus_fronted or solidus_backend, both of them are actually using it and look like they should explicitly depend on it, but maybe there's a good reason not to do it.
Linked issues: #3374, #618, #3378, #3373
Solidus Version:
All supported versions should update the dependency until Sprockets 4 is properly supported