diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/includes/test/test.1d.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/includes/test/test.1d.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e516244e11be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/includes/test/test.1d.js
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var toAccessorArray = require( '@stdlib/array/base/to-accessor-array' );
+var Complex128 = require( '@stdlib/complex/float64/ctor' );
+var Complex128Array = require( '@stdlib/array/complex128' );
+var oneTo = require( '@stdlib/array/one-to' );
+var scalar2ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/from-scalar' );
+var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+var includes = require( './../lib' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+	t.ok( true, __filename );
+	t.strictEqual( typeof includes, 'function', 'main export is a function');
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 1-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	x = ndarray( 'float64', oneTo( 8, 'float64' ), [ 4 ], [ 2 ], 1, 'row-major' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 9.0, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 4.0, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 1-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	x = ndarray( 'float64', toAccessorArray( oneTo( 8, 'float64' ) ), [ 4 ], [ 2 ], 1, 'row-major' );
+
+	v = ndarray( 'float64', toAccessorArray( new Float64Array( [ 9.0 ] ) ), [], [ 0 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = ndarray( 'float64', toAccessorArray( new Float64Array( [ 4.0 ] ) ), [], [ 0 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 1-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	xbuf = oneTo( 12, 'float64' );
+	x = ndarray( 'complex128', new Complex128Array( xbuf ), [ 4 ], [ 1 ], 1, 'row-major' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 1.0, 2.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 9.0, 10.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/includes/test/test.2d.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/includes/test/test.2d.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1356bc93adf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/ndarray/base/includes/test/test.2d.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1423 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var toAccessorArray = require( '@stdlib/array/base/to-accessor-array' );
+var Complex128 = require( '@stdlib/complex/float64/ctor' );
+var Complex128Array = require( '@stdlib/array/complex128' );
+var oneTo = require( '@stdlib/array/one-to' );
+var scalar2ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/from-scalar' );
+var numel = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/numel' );
+var shape2strides = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/shape2strides' );
+var strides2offset = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/strides2offset' );
+var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+var blockSize = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/nullary-tiling-block-size' );
+var includes = require( './../lib' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+	t.ok( true, __filename );
+	t.strictEqual( typeof includes, 'function', 'main export is a function');
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, singleton dimensions)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 4, 1 ];
+	st = shape2strides( sh, ord );
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, singleton dimensions, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 4, 1 ];
+	st = shape2strides( sh, ord );
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, contiguous)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = shape2strides( sh, ord );
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, contiguous, negative strides)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -2, -1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, same sign strides)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 4, 1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( 8, dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 4, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 6, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, mixed sign strides)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 4, -1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( 8, dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 4, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 6, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, large arrays)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ bsize*2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -4, 2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( numel( sh )*2, dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, large arrays)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ 2, bsize*2 ];
+	st = [ bsize*4, -2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( numel( sh )*2, dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, contiguous, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = shape2strides( sh, ord );
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( numel( sh )*2, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 1.0, 0.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 5.0, 6.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, contiguous, negative strides, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -2, -1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( numel( sh )*2, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 1.0, 0.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 5.0, 6.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, same sign strides, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 4, 1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( 8*2, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 7.0, 8.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 3.0, 4.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, mixed sign strides, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 4, -1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( 8*2, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 7.0, 8.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 3.0, 4.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, large arrays, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ bsize*2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -4, 2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( numel( sh )*4, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 3.0, 4.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 5.0, 6.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, large arrays, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ 2, bsize*2 ];
+	st = [ bsize*4, -2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( numel( sh )*4, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 3.0, 4.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 5.0, 6.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, contiguous, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = shape2strides( sh, ord );
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, contiguous, negative strides, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -2, -1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, same sign strides, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 4, 1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( 8, dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 4, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 6, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, mixed sign strides, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 4, -1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( 8, dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 4, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 6, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, large arrays, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ bsize*2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -4, 2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( numel( sh )*2, dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (row-major, non-contiguous, large arrays, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'row-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ 2, bsize*2 ];
+	st = [ bsize*4, -2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( numel( sh )*2, dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, singleton dimensions)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 4, 1 ];
+	st = shape2strides( sh, ord );
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, singleton dimensions, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 4, 1 ];
+	st = shape2strides( sh, ord );
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, contiguous)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = shape2strides( sh, ord );
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, contiguous, negative strides)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -1, -2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, same sign strides)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 1, 4 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( 8, dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 4, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 6, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, mixed sign strides)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -1, 4 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( 8, dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 4, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 6, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, large arrays)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ bsize*2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 2, -bsize*4 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( numel( sh )*2, dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, large arrays)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ 2, bsize*2 ];
+	st = [ -2, 4 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, oneTo( numel( sh )*2, dt ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, contiguous, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = shape2strides( sh, ord );
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( numel( sh )*2, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 1.0, 0.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 5.0, 6.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, contiguous, negative strides, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -1, -2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( numel( sh )*2, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 1.0, 0.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 5.0, 6.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, same sign strides, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 1, 4 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( 8*2, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 7.0, 8.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 3.0, 4.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, mixed sign strides, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 4, -1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( 8*2, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 7.0, 8.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 3.0, 4.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, large arrays, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ bsize*2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -2, bsize*2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( numel( sh )*4, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 3.0, 4.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 5.0, 6.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, large arrays, complex)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var xbuf;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'complex128';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ 2, bsize*2 ];
+	st = [ 2, -4 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+	xbuf = oneTo( numel( sh )*4, 'float64' );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, new Complex128Array( xbuf ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 3.0, 4.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( new Complex128( 5.0, 6.0 ), {
+		'dtype': 'complex128'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, contiguous, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = shape2strides( sh, ord );
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, contiguous, negative strides, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -1, -2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( numel( sh ), dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, same sign strides, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 1, 4 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( 8, dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 4, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 6, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, mixed sign strides, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+	sh = [ 2, 2 ];
+	st = [ 4, -1 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( 8, dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 4, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 6, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, large arrays, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ bsize*2, 2 ];
+	st = [ -2, bsize*2 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( numel( sh )*2, dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function tests whether a 2-dimensional ndarray contains a specified value (column-major, non-contiguous, large arrays, accessors)', function test( t ) {
+	var actual;
+	var bsize;
+	var ord;
+	var sh;
+	var st;
+	var dt;
+	var o;
+	var x;
+	var v;
+
+	dt = 'float64';
+	ord = 'column-major';
+
+	bsize = blockSize( dt );
+	sh = [ 2, bsize*2 ];
+	st = [ 2, -4 ];
+	o = strides2offset( sh, st );
+
+	x = ndarray( dt, toAccessorArray( oneTo( numel( sh )*2, dt ) ), sh, st, o, ord ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 8, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, false, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	v = scalar2ndarray( 3, {
+		'dtype': 'float64'
+	});
+	actual = includes( [ x, v ] );
+	t.strictEqual( actual, true, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});