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OTHELLO_RULES
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NOTE
These rules were adapted from the official rules of the World Othello
Federation, you can find them here:
https://www.worldothello.org/about/about-othello/othello-rules/official-rules/english
The project is implemented according to those rules.
OBJECT OF THE GAME
The object of the game is to have the majority of discs facing up on the
board showing one's own colour at the end of the game.
A MINUTE TO LEARN
Each player takes 32 discs and chooses one colour to use throughout the
game. Black places two black discs and White places two white discs as
shown in Figure 1.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 2
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 3
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | W | B | | | | 4
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | B | W | | | | 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ FIGURE 1:
| | | | | | | | | 6 The game always begins with this
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ setup.
| | | | | | | | | 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 8
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
a b c d e f g h
A move consists of "outflanking" your opponent's disc(s), then flipping
the outflanked disc(s)to your colour. To outflank means to place a disc
on the board so that your opponent's row (or rows) of disc(s) is
bordered at each end by a disc of your colour. (A "row" may be made up
of one or more discs).
Here's one example:
+---+---+---+---+---+
| W | B | B | B | W |
*---+---+---+---+---+
⇧ ⇧
disc A disc B
White disc A was already in place on the board. The placement of white
disc B outflanks the row of three black discs. White flips the
outflanked discs and now the row looks like this:
+---+---+---+---+---+
| W | W | W | W | W |
*---+---+---+---+---+
⇧ ⇧
disc A disc B
OTHELLO RULES
1. Black always moves first.
2. If on your turn you cannot outflank and flip at least one opposing
disc, your turn is forfeited and your opponent moves again. However,
if a move is available to you, you may not forfeit your turn.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 2
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | W | | | | W | | 3
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | B | | | B | | | 4
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | B | | B | | | | 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ FIGURE 2:
| | | B | B | | | | | 6 Disc placed.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | ⇨ | W | B | W | | | | 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 8
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
a b c d e f g h
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 2
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | W | | | | W | | 3
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | ⇨ | W | | | W | ⇦ | | 4
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | ⇨ | W | | W | ⇦ | | | 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ FIGURE 3:
| | ⇨ | W | W | ⇦ | | | | 6 These discs flipped.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | W | W | W | | | | 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | ⇧ | | | | | 8
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
a b c d e f g h
4. Players may not skip over their own colour disc(s) to outflank an
opposing disc. (See Figure 4).
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 2
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 3
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 4
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ FIGURE 4:
| ⇩ | | | | | | | | 6 This disc outflanks and flips White
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ disc b7 ONLY.
| B | W | B | W | W | B | | | 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 8
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
a b c d e f g h
5. Disc(s) may only be outflanked as a direct result of a move and must
fall in the direct line of the disc placed down. (See Figures 5 and
6).
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
⇨ | B | | | | | | | | 2
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| W | | | | | | | | 3
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| W | W | W | B | | | | | 4
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| B | | | | | | | | 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ FIGURE 5:
| | | | | | | | | 6 Disc placed here.
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 8
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
a b c d e f g h
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| B | | | | | | | | 2
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
⇨ | B | | | | | | | | 3
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
⇨ | B | W | W | B | | | | | 4
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| B | | | | | | | | 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ FIGURE 6:
| | | | | | | | | 6 These 2 discs flipped, Disc b4 and
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ c4 are not flipped (even though
| | | | | | | | | 7 they appear to be outflanked)..
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | 8
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
a b c d e f g h
6. All discs outflanked in any one move must be flipped, even if it is
to the player's advantage not to flip them at all.
7. Once a disc is placed on a square, it can never be moved to another
square later in the game.
8. When it is no longer possible for either player to move, the game is
over. Discs are counted and the player with the majority of their
colour showing is the winner.
Note: It is possible for a game to end before all 64 squares are filled.