diff --git a/R/lazy-join-query.R b/R/lazy-join-query.R
index 5a1bd354f..d57a35190 100644
--- a/R/lazy-join-query.R
+++ b/R/lazy-join-query.R
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ sql_build.lazy_semi_join_query <- function(op, con, ..., sql_options = NULL) {
   y_vars <- op_vars(op$y)
   y_as <- op$by$y_as
   replacements <- lapply(y_vars, \(var) sql_glue2(con, "{y_as}.{.id var}"))
-  where <- lapply(op$where, \(expr) replace_sym(expr, y_vars, replacements))
+  where <- replace_sym(op$where, y_vars, replacements)
   where_sql <- translate_sql_(
     where,
     con = con,
diff --git a/R/tidyeval-across.R b/R/tidyeval-across.R
index 3ca06bd0f..2850365ae 100644
--- a/R/tidyeval-across.R
+++ b/R/tidyeval-across.R
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ partial_eval_fun <- function(fun, env, fn) {
 partial_eval_prepare_fun <- function(call, sym, env) {
   # First resolve any .data/.env pronouns before symbol replacement
   call <- resolve_mask_pronouns(call, env)
-  call <- replace_sym(call, sym, replace = quote(!!.x))
+  call <- replace_sym1(call, sym, replace = quote(!!.x))
   call <- replace_call(call, replace = quote(!!.cur_col))
   function(x, .cur_col) {
     inject(
diff --git a/R/tidyeval.R b/R/tidyeval.R
index 7ba410f0e..ab72b1767 100644
--- a/R/tidyeval.R
+++ b/R/tidyeval.R
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ partial_eval_call <- function(call, data, env) {
   if (inherits(fun, "inline_colwise_function")) {
     vars <- colnames(tidyselect_data_proxy(data))
     dot_var <- vars[[attr(call, "position")]]
-    call <- replace_sym(attr(fun, "formula")[[2]], c(".", ".x"), sym(dot_var))
+    call <- replace_sym1(attr(fun, "formula")[[2]], c(".", ".x"), sym(dot_var))
     env <- get_env(attr(fun, "formula"))
   } else if (is.function(fun)) {
     fun_name <- find_fun(fun)
@@ -306,7 +306,18 @@ fun_name <- function(fun) {
   NULL
 }
 
-replace_sym <- function(call, sym, replace) {
+
+replace_sym <- function(exprs, old, new) {
+  check_list(exprs, allow_null = TRUE)
+  check_character(old)
+  check_list(new)
+  # Allow new to be a list of quosures too
+  new <- purrr::map_if(new, is_quosure, quo_get_expr)
+
+  purrr::map(exprs, \(expr) replace_sym1(expr, old, new))
+}
+
+replace_sym1 <- function(call, sym, replace) {
   if (is_symbol(call, sym)) {
     if (is_list(replace)) {
       replace[[match(as_string(call), sym)]]
@@ -314,7 +325,7 @@ replace_sym <- function(call, sym, replace) {
       replace
     }
   } else if (is_call(call)) {
-    call[] <- lapply(call, replace_sym, sym = sym, replace = replace)
+    call[] <- lapply(call, replace_sym1, sym = sym, replace = replace)
     call
   } else {
     call
diff --git a/R/translate-sql-window.R b/R/translate-sql-window.R
index 81978aceb..19f9cfbc6 100644
--- a/R/translate-sql-window.R
+++ b/R/translate-sql-window.R
@@ -403,8 +403,11 @@ uses_window_fun <- function(x, con, lq) {
   check_list(x)
 
   calls <- unlist(lapply(x, all_calls))
-  win_f <- env_names(dbplyr_sql_translation(con)$window)
-  any(calls %in% win_f)
+  any(calls %in% window_funs(con))
+}
+
+window_funs <- function(con = simulate_dbi()) {
+  env_names(sql_translation(con)$window)
 }
 
 is_aggregating <- function(x, non_group_cols, agg_f) {
@@ -429,10 +432,6 @@ is_aggregating <- function(x, non_group_cols, agg_f) {
   return(TRUE)
 }
 
-common_window_funs <- function() {
-  env_names(dbplyr_sql_translation(NULL)$window) # nocov
-}
-
 #' @noRd
 #' @examples
 #' translate_window_where(quote(1))
@@ -441,7 +440,9 @@ common_window_funs <- function() {
 #' translate_window_where(quote(x == 1 && y == 2))
 #' translate_window_where(quote(n() > 10))
 #' translate_window_where(quote(rank() > cumsum(AB)))
-translate_window_where <- function(expr, window_funs = common_window_funs()) {
+translate_window_where <- function(expr, window_funs = NULL) {
+  window_funs <- window_funs %||% window_funs()
+
   switch(
     typeof(expr),
     logical = ,
@@ -475,12 +476,12 @@ translate_window_where <- function(expr, window_funs = common_window_funs()) {
   )
 }
 
-
 #' @noRd
 #' @examples
 #' translate_window_where_all(list(quote(x == 1), quote(n() > 2)))
 #' translate_window_where_all(list(quote(cumsum(x) == 10), quote(n() > 2)))
-translate_window_where_all <- function(x, window_funs = common_window_funs()) {
+translate_window_where_all <- function(x, window_funs = NULL) {
+  window_funs <- window_funs %||% window_funs()
   out <- lapply(x, translate_window_where, window_funs = window_funs)
 
   list(
diff --git a/R/utils-check.R b/R/utils-check.R
index 6cd42ae51..e92c18738 100644
--- a/R/utils-check.R
+++ b/R/utils-check.R
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ check_list <- function(
   if (vctrs::vec_is_list(x)) {
     return()
   }
+  if (allow_null && is_null(x)) {
+    return()
+  }
   stop_input_type(
     x,
     c("a list"),
diff --git a/R/verb-filter.R b/R/verb-filter.R
index b873ca3d7..a6de658c2 100644
--- a/R/verb-filter.R
+++ b/R/verb-filter.R
@@ -25,16 +25,15 @@ filter.tbl_lazy <- function(.data, ..., .by = NULL, .preserve = FALSE) {
     data_arg = ".data",
     error_call = caller_env()
   )
-  if (by$from_by) {
-    .data$lazy_query$group_vars <- by$names
-  }
 
-  dots <- partial_eval_dots(.data, ..., .named = FALSE)
-
-  if (is_empty(dots)) {
+  if (missing(...)) {
     return(.data)
   }
 
+  if (by$from_by) {
+    .data$lazy_query$group_vars <- by$names
+  }
+  dots <- partial_eval_dots(.data, ..., .named = FALSE)
   .data$lazy_query <- add_filter(.data, dots)
   if (by$from_by) {
     .data$lazy_query$group_vars <- character()
@@ -47,45 +46,9 @@ add_filter <- function(.data, dots) {
   lazy_query <- .data$lazy_query
   dots <- unname(dots)
 
-  dots_use_window_fun <- uses_window_fun(dots, con)
-
-  if (filter_can_use_having(lazy_query, dots_use_window_fun)) {
-    return(filter_via_having(lazy_query, dots))
-  }
-
-  if (!dots_use_window_fun) {
-    if (filter_needs_new_query(dots, lazy_query, con)) {
-      lazy_select_query(
-        x = lazy_query,
-        where = dots
-      )
-    } else {
-      exprs <- lazy_query$select$expr
-      nms <- lazy_query$select$name
-      projection <- purrr::map2_lgl(
-        exprs,
-        nms,
-        \(expr, name) is_symbol(expr) && !identical(expr, sym(name))
-      )
-
-      if (any(projection)) {
-        dots <- purrr::map(
-          dots,
-          replace_sym,
-          nms[projection],
-          exprs[projection]
-        )
-      }
-
-      lazy_query$where <- c(lazy_query$where, dots)
-      lazy_query
-    }
-  } else {
+  if (uses_window_fun(dots, con)) {
     # Do partial evaluation, then extract out window functions
-    where <- translate_window_where_all(
-      dots,
-      env_names(dbplyr_sql_translation(con)$window)
-    )
+    where <- translate_window_where_all(dots, window_funs(con))
 
     # Add extracted window expressions as columns
     mutated <- mutate(.data, !!!where$comp)
@@ -97,30 +60,40 @@ add_filter <- function(.data, dots) {
       select = syms(set_names(original_vars)),
       where = where$expr
     )
+  } else if (filter_can_use_having(lazy_query)) {
+    filter_via_having(lazy_query, dots)
+  } else if (filter_can_inline(dots, lazy_query, con)) {
+    # WHERE processed before SELECT
+    dots <- replace_sym(dots, lazy_query$select$name, lazy_query$select$expr)
+
+    lazy_query$where <- c(lazy_query$where, dots)
+    lazy_query
+  } else {
+    lazy_select_query(x = lazy_query, where = dots)
   }
 }
 
-filter_needs_new_query <- function(dots, lazy_query, con) {
+filter_can_inline <- function(dots, lazy_query, con) {
   if (!is_lazy_select_query(lazy_query)) {
-    return(TRUE)
+    return(FALSE)
   }
 
   if (uses_mutated_vars(dots, lazy_query$select)) {
-    return(TRUE)
+    return(FALSE)
   }
 
   if (uses_window_fun(lazy_query$select$expr, con)) {
-    return(TRUE)
+    return(FALSE)
   }
 
   if (any_expr_uses_sql(lazy_query$select$expr)) {
-    return(TRUE)
+    return(FALSE)
   }
 
-  FALSE
+  TRUE
 }
 
-filter_can_use_having <- function(lazy_query, dots_use_window_fun) {
+filter_can_use_having <- function(lazy_query) {
   # From the Postgres documentation: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-select.html#SQL-HAVING
   # Each column referenced in condition must unambiguously reference a grouping
   # column, unless the reference appears within an aggregate function or the
@@ -133,22 +106,16 @@ filter_can_use_having <- function(lazy_query, dots_use_window_fun) {
   #
   # Therefore, if `filter()` does not use a window function, then we only use
   # grouping or aggregated columns
-
-  if (dots_use_window_fun) {
-    return(FALSE)
-  }
-
   if (!is_lazy_select_query(lazy_query)) {
-    return(FALSE)
+    FALSE
+  } else {
+    lazy_query$select_operation == "summarise"
   }
-
-  lazy_query$select_operation == "summarise"
 }
 
 filter_via_having <- function(lazy_query, dots) {
-  names <- lazy_query$select$name
-  exprs <- purrr::map_if(lazy_query$select$expr, is_quosure, quo_get_expr)
-  dots <- purrr::map(dots, replace_sym, names, exprs)
+  # ANSI SQL processes HAVING before SELECT
+  dots <- replace_sym(dots, lazy_query$select$name, lazy_query$select$expr)
 
   lazy_query$having <- c(lazy_query$having, dots)
   lazy_query
diff --git a/R/verb-select.R b/R/verb-select.R
index bd0a1083a..f10485521 100644
--- a/R/verb-select.R
+++ b/R/verb-select.R
@@ -149,9 +149,7 @@ rename_order <- function(order_vars, select_vars) {
   order_vars <- order_vars[order_names %in% select_vars]
 
   # Rename the remaining
-  order_vars[] <- lapply(order_vars, \(expr) {
-    replace_sym(expr, select_vars, syms(names(select_vars)))
-  })
+  order_vars[] <- replace_sym(order_vars, select_vars, syms(names(select_vars)))
   order_vars
 }