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		<title>UBC CIRRUS Lab</title>
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						<h1>Cloud Infrastructure Research for Reliability, Usability, and Sustainability</h1>
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											<h2>Welcome to the UBC CIRRUS Lab</h2>
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										<p>Cloud computing plays an integral role as the backbone of today's IT-driven society. The immense scale of cloud computing systems, its wide range of users and enabled applications, and complex interactions between numerous services and software layers make it easy to leave efficiency behind. The UBC Cloud Infrastructure Research for Reliability, Usability, and Sustainability (CIRRUS) Lab was born in July 2021 to tackle existing cloud computing challenges and drive future technologies for the next generation of cloud services.</p>
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									<h2>Team</h2>
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                                            <img src="./images/team/mohammad_shahrad.jpg" style="width:50%; border-radius:50%;">
                                            <br>
                                            <a href="https://mshahrad.github.io/">Mohammad Shahrad</a>
                                            <br>
                                            Assistant Professor
                                            <br>
                                            [Principal Investigator]
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                                            <img src="./images/team/changyuan_lin.jpeg" style="width:50%; border-radius:50%;">
                                            <br>
                                            <a href="https://ca.linkedin.com/in/changyuan-lin/en" target="_blank">Changyuan Lin</a>
                                            <br>
                                            PhD Student (NSERC CGS D scholar)
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                                            <img src="./images/team/amin_baqershahi.jpg" style="width:50%; border-radius:50%;">
                                            <br>
                                            <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/amin-baqershahi" target="_blank">MohammadAmin Baqershahi</a>
                                            <br>
                                            MASc Student
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                                            <img src="./images/team/pin_long.jpeg" style="width:50%; border-radius:50%;">
                                            <br>
                                            <a href="https://ca.linkedin.com/in/pin-hong-long" target="_blank">Daniel Long</a>
                                            <br>
                                            MASc Student
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                                            <img src="./images/team/hanan_awwad.jpg" style="width:50%; border-radius:50%;">
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                                            <a href="https://ca.linkedin.com/in/hanansameerrafiqawwad" target="_blank">Hanan Awwad</a>
                                            <br>
                                            MASc Student
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                                            <img src="./images/team/shuo_zhang.jpeg" style="width:50%; border-radius:50%;">
                                            <br>
                                            <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/shuo-zhang-3b580b17b/" target="_blank">Shuo Zhang</a>
                                            <br>
                                            MASc Student
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									<h2>Publications and Preprints</h2>
									<ul style="text-align: left;">
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3721465.3721863"  target="_blank">Estimating the Carbon Footprint of Serverless Functions on a Public Cloud Platform</a></b>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="./papers/sesame25_awwad.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a>  <br>
                                            H. Awwad, C. Lin, R. Ward, and M. Shahrad<br>
                                            3rd Workshop on SErverless Systems, Applications, and MEthodologies (<a href="https://sesame25.github.io/"><b>EuroSys SESAME '25</b></a>)
                                        </li>
                                        <li>
                                            <b>Scheduling Job Streams on Uniprocessors with Cold Start Delays</b><br>
                                            J. Cao, G. Thompson, M. Shahrad, and S. Gopalakrishnan<br>
                                            31st IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (<a href="https://2025.rtas.org/"><b>RTAS '25</b></a>)
                                        </li>
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sp/2025/223600a099/22K50vuoJLG" target="_blank">Growlithe: A Developer-Centric Compliance Tool for Serverless Applications</a></b>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="./papers/sp25_growlithe.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/growlithe" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-github" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"></i></a><br>
                                            P. Gupta, A. Moghimi, D. Sisodraker, M. Shahrad, and A. Mehta<br>
                                            46th IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (<a href="https://sp2025.ieee-security.org/"><b>IEEE S&P '25</b></a>)
                                        </li>
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3698038.3698542" target="_blank">The Sunk Carbon Fallacy: Rethinking Carbon Footprint Metrics for Effective Carbon-Aware Scheduling</a></b>&nbsp;  <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="./papers/socc24-sunk-carbon-fallacy.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a>&nbsp;<br>
                                            N. Bashir, V. Gohil, A. B. Subramanya, M. Shahrad, D. Irwin, E. Olivetti, and C. Delimitrou<br>
                                            15th ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (<a href="https://acmsocc.org/2024/"><b>SoCC '24</b></a>)
                                        </li>
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3694715.3695954" target="_blank">Caribou: Fine-Grained Geospatial Shifting of Serverless Applications for Sustainability</a></b>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="./papers/sosp24_caribou.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/caribou" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-github" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"></i></a>  <br>
                                            V. Gsteiger, P. H. Long, Y. Sun, P. Javanrood, and M. Shahrad<br>
                                            30th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (<a href="https://sigops.org/s/conferences/sosp/2024/"><b>SOSP '24</b></a>)
                                        </li>
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3727200.3727218" target="_blank">Bridging the Sustainability Gap in Serverless through Observability and Carbon-Aware Pricing</a></b> &nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://hotcarbon.org/assets/2024/pdf/hotcarbon24-final164.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a> <br>
                                            C. Lin and M. Shahrad<br>
                                            3rd Workshop on Sustainable Computer Systems (<a href="https://hotcarbon.org/"><b>HotCarbon '24</b></a>)<br>
                                            [<a href="https://energy.acm.org/eir/bridging-the-sustainability-gap-in-serverless-through-observability-and-carbon-aware-pricing/" target="_blank">published in the ACM SIGENERGY Energy Informatics Review, Volume 4, Issue 5, Dec. 2024</a>]
                                        </li>
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.13444" target="_blank">Zenix: Efficient Execution of Bulky Serverless Applications</a></b> &nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.13444v3" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a> <br>
                                            Z. Guo, Z. Blanco, J. Chen, J. Li, Z. Wei, B. Dong, I. Pota, M. Shahrad, H. Xu, and Y. Zhang<br>
                                            arXiv:2206.13444v3 (2023)
                                        </li>
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620678.3624654" target="_blank">Parrotfish: Parametric Regression for Optimizing Serverless Functions</a></b> &nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="./papers/socc23_parrotfish.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/parrotfish" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-github" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"></i></a> <br>
                                            A. Moghimi, J. Hattori, A. Li, M. Ben Chikha, and M. Shahrad<br>
                                            14th ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (<a href="https://acmsocc.org/2023/"><b>SoCC '23</b></a>)
                                        </li>
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc23/presentation/sadeghian" target="_blank">UnFaaSener: Latency and Cost Aware Offloading of Functions from Serverless Platforms</a></b> &nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/atc23-sadeghian.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/unfaasener" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-github" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"></i></a>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yk9N5Ui6oaI" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube" style="color:red;"></i></a> <br>
                                            G. Sadeghian, M. Elsakhawy, M. Shahrad, J. Hattori, and M. Shahrad<br>
                                            2023 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (<a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc23"><b>ATC '23</b></a>)
                                        </li>
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc23/presentation/ginzburg" target="_blank">VectorVisor: A Binary Translation Scheme for Throughput-Oriented GPU Acceleration</a></b> &nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/atc23-ginzburg.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://github.com/SamGinzburg/VectorVisor" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-github" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"></i></a>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TElCneM9UxQ" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube" style="color:red;"></i></a> <br>
                                            S. Ginzburg, M. Shahrad, and M. Freedman<br>
                                            2023 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (<a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc23"><b>ATC '23</b></a>)
                                        </li>
										<li>
											<b><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3472883.3487002" target="_blank">On Merits and Viability of Multi-Cloud Serverless</a></b> &nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="./papers/socc21_multi-cloud_serverless.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a> <br>
											A. Fatahi Baarzi, G. Kesidis, C. Joe-Wong, and M. Shahrad<br> 
											12th ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (<a href="https://acmsocc.org/2021/"><b>SoCC '21</b></a>)
										</li>
										<li>
											<b><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3472883.3487006" target="_blank">Provisioning Differentiated Last-Level Cache Allocations to VMs in Public Clouds</a></b> &nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="./papers/socc21_cloud_cat.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpFJa37vNHA" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube" style="color:red;"></i></a> <br>
											
											M. Shahrad, S. Elnikety, and R. Bianchini<br>
											12th ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (<a href="https://acmsocc.org/2021/"><b>SoCC '21</b></a>)
										</li>
									</ul>
									<p><font size="5vw">Here are Dr. Shahrad's selected papers prior to establishing the CIRRUS lab. Find his complete publication list <a href="https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=iXgmttoAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao">here</a>.</p></font>
                                    <ul style="text-align: left;">
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc20/presentation/shahrad" target="_blank">Serverless in the Wild: Characterizing and Optimizing the Serverless Workload at a Large Cloud Provider</a></b>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/atc20-shahrad.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a>&nbsp;
                                            <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzjO8hL_Av4" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube" style="color:red;"></i></a>&nbsp; 
                                            <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://github.com/Azure/AzurePublicDataset" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-github" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"></i></a> <br>
                                            M. Shahrad, R. Fonseca, I. Goiri, G. Chaudhry, P. Batum, J. Cooke, E. Laureano, C. Tresness, M. Russinovich, and R. Bianchini<br>
                                            2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (<a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc20"><b>ATC '20</b></a>)
                                        </li>
                                        <li>
                                            <b><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3352460.3358296" target="_blank">Architectural Implications of Function-as-a-Service Computing</a></b>&nbsp; <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://parallel.princeton.edu/papers/micro19-shahrad.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;"></i></a>&nbsp;
                                            <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="https://github.com/PrincetonUniversity/faas-profiler" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-github" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"></i></a> <br>
                                            M. Shahrad, J. Balkind, and D. Wentzlaff<br>
                                            IEEE/ACM 52nd International Symposium on Microarchitecture (<a href="https://microarch.org/micro52/"><b>MICRO '19</b></a>)
                                        </li>
                                    </ul>
								</header>
							</section>

                            <section id="systems" class="main special">
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									<h2>Open-Source Systems and Tools</h2>
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                                <ul style="text-align: left;">
                                    <li>
                                        <b><a href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/growlithe">Growlithe</a></b>: 
                                        a tool to specify and configure access and dataflow policies in serverless applications.
                                        <br>
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/growlithe" data-icon="octicon-star" data-show-count="true">Star</a>
                                        &nbsp;
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/growlithe/fork" data-icon="octicon-repo-forked" data-show-count="true">Fork</a>&nbsp;
                                    </li>
                                    <li>
                                        <b><a href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/caribou">Caribou</a></b>: 
                                        Caribou is a framework for geo-distributed deployment of serverless workflows to save carbon emissions.
                                        <br>
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/caribou" data-icon="octicon-star" data-show-count="true">Star</a>
                                        &nbsp;
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/caribou/fork" data-icon="octicon-repo-forked" data-show-count="true">Fork</a>&nbsp;
                                    </li>
                                    <li>
                                        <b><a href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/parrotfish">Parrotfish</a></b>: 
                                        A powerful open-source tool to efficiently tune serverless functions and workflows for cost and performance. 
                                        It is faster and more accurate than the other tools.
                                        <br>
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/parrotfish" data-icon="octicon-star" data-show-count="true">Star</a>
                                        &nbsp;
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/parrotfish/fork" data-icon="octicon-repo-forked" data-show-count="true">Fork</a>
                                    </li>
                                    <li>
                                        <b><a href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/unfaasener">UnFaaSener</a></b>: 
                                        A system to automatically offload serverless functions off of serverless platforms, offering significant cost savings. 
                                        <br>
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/unfaasener" data-icon="octicon-star" data-show-count="true">Star</a>
                                        &nbsp;
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/ubc-cirrus-lab/unfaasener/fork" data-icon="octicon-repo-forked" data-show-count="true">Fork</a>
                                    </li>
                                    <li>
                                        <b><a href="https://github.com/SamGinzburg/VectorVisor">VectorVisor</a></b>: 
                                        A binary translator that simplifies running many copies of single-threaded programs in parallel using GPUs. 
                                        <br>
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/SamGinzburg/VectorVisor" data-icon="octicon-star" data-show-count="true">Star</a>
                                        &nbsp;
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/SamGinzburg/VectorVisor/fork" data-icon="octicon-repo-forked" data-show-count="true">Fork</a>
                                    </li>
                                    <li>
                                        <b><a href="https://github.com/PrincetonUniversity/faas-profiler">FaaSProfiler</a></b>: 
                                        An open source tool for testing and profiling FaaS and serverless platforms.
                                        <br>
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/PrincetonUniversity/faas-profiler" data-icon="octicon-star" data-show-count="true">Star</a>
                                        &nbsp;
                                        <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/PrincetonUniversity/faas-profiler/fork" data-icon="octicon-repo-forked" data-show-count="true">Fork</a>
                                    </li>
                                </ul>
                                

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									<p>We are grateful for the grants, gifts, resources, and partnerships that have empowered our research endeavors.</p>
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