snake.c

/* ====================================================================
 *                                                                     
 * Exercice snake.c du cours
 * Programmation Orientee Systeme de M. Chappelier (Sections IN et SC).
 *                                                                     
 * Si vous avez ncurses (libcurses-dev), compilez avec
 *  -DUSE_CURSES et -lncurses ; par exemple :
 * gcc -ansi -pedantic -Wall -DUSE_CURSES snake.c -o snake -lncurses
 *                                                                     
 * ====================================================================
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
 
#ifdef USE_CURSES
#include <curses.h>
#define printf printw
#else
#define printw printf
#endif
 
/***************************************************************
 * Here come the data definitions 
 ***************************************************************/
typedef struct {
    int dx;
    int dy;
} direction_t;
 
typedef enum {
    EMPTY, WALL, FOOD, SNAKE
} map_cell_t;
 
typedef struct snake_segment_t_ {
    unsigned int x;
    unsigned int y;
    int size;
    direction_t direction;
    struct snake_segment_t_ *prev;
} snake_segment_t;
 
typedef struct {
    snake_segment_t* head;
    snake_segment_t* tail;
} snake_t;
 
typedef struct {
    snake_t snake;
    unsigned int width;
    unsigned int height;
    map_cell_t* map;
} game_t;
 
 
/****************************************************************
 * This is the given game map. 
 ****************************************************************/
#define MAP_WIDTH  80
#define MAP_HEIGHT 25
 
static map_cell_t const header_data[] = {
	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
	WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,WALL,
	WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
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	WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
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	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
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	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,FOOD,
	FOOD,FOOD,FOOD,FOOD,FOOD,FOOD,FOOD,FOOD,FOOD,FOOD,FOOD,FOOD,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
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	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,FOOD,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,WALL,
	WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
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	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,WALL,
	WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
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	WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
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	FOOD,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,WALL,
	WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
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	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
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	WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
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	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
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	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
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	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,FOOD,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,WALL,
	WALL,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,
	EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,EMPTY,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
	WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,WALL,
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};
 
/****************************************************************
 * Here come the function definitions 
 ****************************************************************/
void snake_info(snake_t const* snake) {
    snake_segment_t const* seg;
    for (seg = snake->tail; seg; seg = seg->prev) {
        printf("(%02d,%02d) %d /%-d:%-d\n", seg->x, seg->y, seg->size,
               seg->direction.dx, seg->direction.dy);
    }
}
 
void snake_erase_tail(snake_t* snake)
{
  if (snake->tail != NULL) {
    snake_segment_t*  const newtail = snake->tail->prev;
    free(snake->tail);
    snake->tail = newtail;
  }
}
 
void snake_destroy(snake_t* snake)
{
  while (snake->tail != NULL) snake_erase_tail(snake);
}
 
int snake_add_segment(snake_t* snake, direction_t dir)
{
    snake_segment_t*  const seg = malloc(sizeof(snake_segment_t));
    if (!seg) {
        return -2;
    }
 
    seg->direction = dir;
    seg->prev = NULL;
 
    if (!snake->head) {
        snake->tail = seg;
        seg->size = 1;
    } else {
        seg->size = 0;
        seg->x = snake->head->x + dir.dx;
        seg->y = snake->head->y + dir.dy;
        snake->head->prev = seg;
    }
    snake->head = seg;
 
    return 0;
}
 
int snake_move(snake_t* snake, direction_t direction)
{
    if (snake->head->direction.dx == direction.dx &&
        snake->head->direction.dy == direction.dy) {
        snake->head->x += direction.dx;
        snake->head->y += direction.dy;
    } else {
        if (snake_add_segment(snake, direction) != 0) {
            return -1;
        }
    }
 
    if (snake->head == snake->tail) {
        return 0;
    }
 
    ++snake->head->size;
    --snake->tail->size;
 
    if (snake->tail->size == 0) {
      snake_erase_tail(snake);
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
map_cell_t* cell(game_t* game, unsigned int x, unsigned int y) {
  return &(game->map[y*  game->width + x]);
}
 
int game_update(game_t* game, direction_t direction)
{
    snake_t* const snake = &game->snake;
 
    unsigned int const tail_x = snake->tail->x - (snake->tail->size-1) * snake->tail->direction.dx;
    unsigned int const tail_y = snake->tail->y - (snake->tail->size-1) * snake->tail->direction.dy;
 
    if (snake_move(snake, direction) != 0) {
        return -1;
    }
 
    switch (*cell(game, snake->head->x, snake->head->y)) {
    case WALL:
    case SNAKE:
      return -1;
 
    case FOOD:
      ++snake->tail->size;
      break;
 
    default:
      *cell(game, tail_x, tail_y) = EMPTY;
      break;
    }
 
    *cell(game, snake->head->x, snake->head->y) = SNAKE;
 
    return 0;
}
 
int game_init_snake(game_t* game, unsigned int orig_x, unsigned int orig_y)
{
    direction_t dir = {0,0};
    game->snake.head = NULL;
    game->snake.tail = NULL;
 
    if (snake_add_segment(&game->snake, dir) != 0) {
        return -1;
    }
 
    game->snake.head->x = orig_x;
    game->snake.head->y = orig_y;
 
    *cell(game, game->snake.head->x, game->snake.head->y) = SNAKE;
 
    return 0;
}
 
/****************************************************************/
int game_init_map(game_t* game, const map_cell_t* map, unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
{
    unsigned int x, y;
    game->width = width;
    game->height = height;
    game->map = calloc(game->width * game->height, sizeof(map_cell_t));
 
    if (game->map == NULL) {
        game->width = game->height = 0;
        return -1;
    }
 
    for (y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
        for (x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
          *cell(game, x, y) = map[y*width + x];
        }
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
/****************************************************************/
game_t* game_init(unsigned int orig_x, unsigned int orig_y)
{
    game_t* game = malloc(sizeof(game_t));
    if (game != NULL) {
      if (game_init_map(game, header_data, MAP_WIDTH, MAP_HEIGHT) != 0) {
        free(game); game = NULL;
      } else if (game_init_snake(game, orig_x, orig_y) != 0) {
        free(game->map);
        free(game); game = NULL;
      }
    }
    return game;
}
 
/****************************************************************/
void game_destroy(game_t* game)
{
    snake_destroy(&game->snake);
    free(game->map);
    free(game); game = NULL;
}
 
/***************************************************************
 * The following handles I/O and is not part of the game engine 
 ****************************************************************/
 
void game_print(game_t* game)
{
    unsigned int x, y;
#ifdef USE_CURSES
    const int color = has_colors();
    clear();
	if (color) {
      start_color();
      init_pair(WALL , COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_YELLOW);
      init_pair(SNAKE, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_GREEN );
      init_pair(FOOD , COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_RED   );
    }
#endif
    printw("\n");
    for (y = 0; y < game->height; ++y) {
        for (x = 0; x < game->width; ++x) {
            switch(*cell(game, x, y)) {
 
                case EMPTY:
                    printw(" ");
                    break;
 
                case WALL:
#ifdef USE_CURSES
                    if (color) {
                        attron(COLOR_PAIR(WALL));
                        printw(" ");
                        attroff(COLOR_PAIR(WALL));
                    } else
#endif
                    printw("O");
                    break;
 
                case FOOD:
#ifdef USE_CURSES
                    if (color) {
                        attron(COLOR_PAIR(FOOD));
                        printw(" ");
                        attroff(COLOR_PAIR(FOOD));
                    } else
#endif
                    printw("F");
                    break;
 
                case SNAKE:
#ifdef USE_CURSES
                    if (color) {
                        attron(COLOR_PAIR(SNAKE));
                        printw(" ");
                        attroff(COLOR_PAIR(SNAKE));
                    } else
#endif
                    printw("S");
                    break;
                default:
                    printw("?");
                    break;
            }
        }
        printw("\n");
    }
    /* For debugging */
    snake_info(&game->snake);
#ifdef USE_CURSES
    refresh();
#else
    getchar();
#endif
}
 
/* Transforms a keypress to dx and dy coordinates */
void handle_key_press(int key, direction_t* dir)
{
#ifndef USE_CURSES
#define KEY_DOWN  's'
#define KEY_UP    'w'
#define KEY_LEFT  'a'
#define KEY_RIGHT 'd'    
#endif
 
    switch (key) {
    case KEY_DOWN:
        dir->dx =  0;    dir->dy =  1;
        break;
 
    case KEY_UP:
        dir->dx =  0;    dir->dy = -1;
        break;
 
    case KEY_RIGHT:
        dir->dx =  1;    dir->dy =  0;
        break;
 
    case KEY_LEFT:
        dir->dx = -1;    dir->dy =  0;
        break;
 
    default:
        dir->dx =  0;    dir->dy =  0;
        break;
    }
}
 
void game_loop(game_t* game)
{
    direction_t dir;
#ifdef USE_CURSES
    /* The user must move the snake manually, it does not move by itself */
#define getkey getch()
#else
    /* Change this array to simulates moves. 
     * An x is a step where no keys are pressed */
    char const keys[] = "xsxdxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxwxxdxxwxxdxsxsxsx";
    const char* key = keys;
#define getkey (*key)
#endif
    do {
        game_print(game);
        handle_key_press(getkey, &dir);
        if (dir.dx == 0 && dir.dy == 0) {
            dir = game->snake.head->direction;
        }
    } while ((game_update(game, dir) == 0)
#ifndef USE_CURSES
             && (*++key)
#endif
            );
    printw("Game over\n");
}
 
int main(void)
{
    game_t* game;
 
#ifdef USE_CURSES
    initscr();
    raw();
    noecho();
    keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
#endif
 
    game = game_init(3,3);
    if (game) {
        game_loop(game);
        game_destroy(game);
    }
 
#ifdef USE_CURSES
    endwin();
#endif
    return 0;
}