diff --git a/src/env.rs b/src/env.rs
index 704de73..649d75c 100644
--- a/src/env.rs
+++ b/src/env.rs
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 use crate::object::Object;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Default)]
-pub struct Env {
-    parent: Option<Rc<RefCell<Env>>>,
+pub struct Env<'a> {
+    parent: Option<&'a Env<'a>>,
     vars: HashMap<String, Object>,
 }
 
-impl Env {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Default::default()
+impl<'a> Env<'a> {
+
+    pub fn new() -> Env<'a> {
+        Env {
+            vars: HashMap::new(),
+            parent: None,
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn extend(parent: Rc<RefCell<Self>>) -> Env {
+    pub fn extend(parent: &'a Self) -> Env<'a> {
         Env {
             vars: HashMap::new(),
             parent: Some(parent),
@@ -24,10 +26,7 @@ impl Env {
     pub fn get(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Object> {
         match self.vars.get(name) {
             Some(value) => Some(value.clone()),
-            None => self
-                .parent
-                .as_ref()
-                .and_then(|o| o.borrow().get(name).clone()),
+            None => self.parent.and_then(|parent| parent.get(name)),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/eval.rs b/src/eval.rs
index e865f64..81a8637 100644
--- a/src/eval.rs
+++ b/src/eval.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 use crate::env::*;
 use crate::object::*;
 use crate::parser::*;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 
-fn eval_binary_op(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Object, String> {
+fn eval_binary_op(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Env) -> Result<Object, String> {
     if list.len() != 3 {
         return Err(format!("Invalid number of arguments for infix operator"));
     }
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ fn eval_binary_op(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Obje
     }
 }
 
-fn eval_define(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Object, String> {
+fn eval_define(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Env) -> Result<Object, String> {
     if list.len() != 3 {
         return Err(format!("Invalid number of arguments for define"));
     }
@@ -45,11 +43,11 @@ fn eval_define(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Object,
         _ => return Err(format!("Invalid define")),
     };
     let val = eval_obj(&list[2], env)?;
-    env.borrow_mut().set(&sym, val);
+    env.set(&sym, val);
     Ok(Object::Void)
 }
 
-fn eval_if(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Object, String> {
+fn eval_if(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Env) -> Result<Object, String> {
     if list.len() != 4 {
         return Err(format!("Invalid number of arguments for if statement"));
     }
@@ -92,9 +90,9 @@ fn eval_function_definition(list: &Vec<Object>) -> Result<Object, String> {
 fn eval_function_call(
     s: &str,
     list: &Vec<Object>,
-    env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>,
+    env: &mut Env,
 ) -> Result<Object, String> {
-    let lamdba = env.borrow_mut().get(s);
+    let lamdba = env.get(s);
     if lamdba.is_none() {
         return Err(format!("Unbound symbol: {}", s));
     }
@@ -102,10 +100,10 @@ fn eval_function_call(
     let func = lamdba.unwrap();
     match func {
         Object::Lambda(params, body) => {
-            let mut new_env = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Env::extend(env.clone())));
+            let mut new_env = Env::extend(env);
             for (i, param) in params.iter().enumerate() {
-                let val = eval_obj(&list[i + 1], env)?;
-                new_env.borrow_mut().set(param, val);
+                let val = eval_obj(&list[i + 1], &mut new_env)?;
+                new_env.set(param, val);
             }
             return eval_obj(&Object::List(body), &mut new_env);
         }
@@ -113,15 +111,15 @@ fn eval_function_call(
     }
 }
 
-fn eval_symbol(s: &str, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Object, String> {
-    let val = env.borrow_mut().get(s);
+fn eval_symbol(s: &str, env: &mut Env) -> Result<Object, String> {
+    let val = env.get(s);
     if val.is_none() {
         return Err(format!("Unbound symbol: {}", s));
     }
     Ok(val.unwrap().clone())
 }
 
-fn eval_list(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Object, String> {
+fn eval_list(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Env) -> Result<Object, String> {
     let head = &list[0];
     match head {
         Object::Symbol(s) => match s.as_str() {
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@ fn eval_list(list: &Vec<Object>, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Object, S
     }
 }
 
-fn eval_obj(obj: &Object, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Object, String> {
+fn eval_obj(obj: &Object, env: &mut Env) -> Result<Object, String> {
     match obj {
         Object::List(list) => eval_list(list, env),
         Object::Void => Ok(Object::Void),
@@ -158,7 +156,7 @@ fn eval_obj(obj: &Object, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Object, String>
     }
 }
 
-pub fn eval(program: &str, env: &mut Rc<RefCell<Env>>) -> Result<Object, String> {
+pub fn eval(program: &str, env: &mut Env) -> Result<Object, String> {
     let parsed_list = parse(program);
     if parsed_list.is_err() {
         return Err(format!("{}", parsed_list.err().unwrap()));
@@ -172,14 +170,14 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_simple_add() {
-        let mut env = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Env::new()));
+        let mut env = Box::new(Env::new());
         let result = eval("(+ 1 2)", &mut env).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(result, Object::Integer(3));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_area_of_a_circle() {
-        let mut env = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Env::new()));
+        let mut env = Box::new(Env::new());
         let program = "(
                         (define r 10)
                         (define pi 314)
@@ -194,7 +192,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_sqr_function() {
-        let mut env = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Env::new()));
+        let mut env = Box::new(Env::new());
         let program = "(
                         (define sqr (lambda (r) (* r r))) 
                         (sqr 10)
@@ -208,7 +206,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_fibonaci() {
-        let mut env = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Env::new()));
+        let mut env = Box::new(Env::new());
         let program = "
             (
                 (define fib (lambda (n) (if (< n 2) 1 (+ (fib (- n 1)) (fib (- n 2))))))
@@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_factorial() {
-        let mut env = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Env::new()));
+        let mut env = Box::new(Env::new());
         let program = "
             (
                 (define fact (lambda (n) (if (< n 1) 1 (* n (fact (- n 1))))))
@@ -236,7 +234,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_circle_area_function() {
-        let mut env = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Env::new()));
+        let mut env = Box::new(Env::new());
         let program = "
             (
                 (define pi 314)
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index adf7b7b..fb697c0 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -6,14 +6,12 @@ mod parser;
 
 use linefeed::{Interface, ReadResult};
 use object::Object;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 
 const PROMPT: &str = "lisp-rs> ";
 
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     let reader = Interface::new(PROMPT).unwrap();
-    let mut env = Rc::new(RefCell::new(env::Env::new()));
+    let mut env = Box::new(env::Env::new());
 
     reader.set_prompt(format!("{}", PROMPT).as_ref()).unwrap();