Notes on CICE5 in ESM1.6

documentation/docs/pages/model_components/cice.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+## CICE5
+
+In ACCESS-ESM1.6, the sea ice component is CICE5 [@hunke2015cice] updated from CICE4 used in ACCESS-ESM1.5.
+
+Scientifically the sea ice model is configured the same as ESM1.5 [@Ziehn2020]. The scientific configuration is summarised as follows:
+
+- Zero-layer thermodynamics [@Semtner1976]
+    - One layer of snow and one layer of ice
+    - UM calculates ice surface temperature, and conductive heat flux into the sea-ice
+- Ice transport [@Lipscomb2001] and ridging [@Rothrock1975]
+- Internal Ice Stress follow EVP [@Hunke2002]
+
+There are significant improvements to diagnostics to support CMIP style diagnostics [@notz_cmip6_2016][@egusphere-2025-3083] natively and error handling.
+
+## Meltwater Runoff
+
+Like ESM1.5, the OASIS3-MCT coupler is used and the sea ice model acts as the interface between the atmosphere and ocean models. The only significant change to this interface since ESM1.5 is changes to meltwater from Antarctica and Greenland. As there is no ice sheet model, the volume of meltwater discharge from Antarctica and Greenland is equal to the instantaneous precipitation over each continent. In ESM1.6, this is partially discharged at the coastline of each continent (to represent ice shelf basal melt) and partially spread in open ocean (to represent melt from icebergs). In ESM1.5 all meltwater is at the coastlines. In addition, the latent heat to melt this water is now taken from the ocean. Meltwater runoff is configured in the `input_ice.nml` [namelist](https://github.com/ACCESS-NRI/access-esm1.6-configs/blob/dev-preindustrial%2Bconcentrations/ice/input_ice.nml#L14-L25) with a prescribed pattern from the [`lice_discharge_iceberg.nc`](https://github.com/ACCESS-NRI/access-esm1.6-configs/blob/13cc7d229b0d4bda193879b8b30cde3441d61bec/config.yaml#L98) input file.
+
+## References
+
+\bibliography

documentation/mkdocs.yml

@@ -100,12 +100,12 @@ nav:
   - Contributing:          
         - Contributing overview:     pages/contributing/index.md   
   - Model Components:
-        - MOM - ocean:      pages/model_components/mom.md
-        - WOMBAT - ocean biogeochem.:   pages/model_components/wombat.md
-        - CICE - sea ice:     pages/model_components/cice.md
-        - UM - atmosphere:       pages/model_components/um.md
-        - CABLE - land:    pages/model_components/cable.md
-        - CASA - land biogeochem.:     pages/model_components/casa.md
+        - MOM - Ocean:      pages/model_components/mom.md
+        - WOMBAT - Ocean Biogeochem.:   pages/model_components/wombat.md
+        - CICE - Sea Ice:     pages/model_components/cice.md
+        - UM - Atmosphere:       pages/model_components/um.md
+        - CABLE - Land:    pages/model_components/cable.md
+        - CASA - Land Biogeochem.:     pages/model_components/casa.md
   - Inputs:
         - Ocean:    pages/inputs/ocean.md
         - Sea ice:    pages/inputs/seaice.md

documentation/references.bib

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+@Article{egusphere-2025-3083,
+AUTHOR = {Fox-Kemper, B. and DeRepentigny, P. and Treguier, A. M. and Stepanek, C. and O'Rourke, E. and Mackallah, C. and Meucci, A. and Aksenov, Y. and Durack, P. J. and Feldl, N. and Hernaman, V. and Heuz\'e, C. and Iovino, D. and Madan, G. and Marquez, A. L. and Massonnet, F. and Mecking, J. and Samanta, D. and Taylor, P. C. and Tseng, W.-L. and Vancoppenolle, M.},
+TITLE = {CMIP7 Data Request: Ocean and Sea Ice Priorities and Opportunities},
+JOURNAL = {EGUsphere},
+VOLUME = {2025},
+YEAR = {2025},
+PAGES = {1--58},
+URL = {https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-3083/},
+DOI = {10.5194/egusphere-2025-3083}
+}
+@article {Hunke2002,
+      author = "Elizabeth Hunke and John K. Dukowicz",
+      title = "The Elastic–Viscous–Plastic Sea Ice Dynamics Model in General Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates on a Sphere—Incorporation of Metric Terms",
+      journal = "Monthly Weather Review",
+      year = "2002",
+      publisher = "American Meteorological Society",
+      address = "Boston MA, USA",
+      volume = "130",
+      number = "7",
+      doi = "10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1848:TEVPSI>2.0.CO;2",
+      pages=      "1848 - 1865",
+      url = "https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/mwre/130/7/1520-0493_2002_130_1848_tevpsi_2.0.co_2.xml"
+}
+@techreport{hunke2015cice,
+  title={CICE: The Los Alamos Sea Ice Model documentation and software user’s manual, version 5.1. Doc},
+  author={Hunke, EC and Lipscomb, WH and Turner, AK and Jeffery, N and Elliott, S},
+  year={2015},
+  institution={LA-CC-06-012}
+}
+@article{Lipscomb2001,
+author = {Lipscomb, William H.},
+title = {Remapping the thickness distribution in sea ice models},
+journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
+volume = {106},
+number = {C7},
+pages = {13989-14000},
+doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000518},
+url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2000JC000518},
+eprint = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2000JC000518},
+abstract = {In sea ice models with multiple thickness categories the ice thickness distribution evolves in time. The evolution of the thickness distribution as ice grows and melts is analogous to one-dimensional fluid transport and can be treated by similar numerical methods. One such method, remapping, is applied here. Thickness categories are represented as Lagrangian grid cells whose boundaries are projected forward in time. The thickness distribution is approximated as a linear or quadratic polynomial in each displaced category, and ice area and volume are transferred between categories so as to restore the original boundaries. In simple test problems and in a single-column model with forcing typical of the central Arctic, remapping performs significantly better than methods previously used in sea ice models. It is less diffusive than a scheme that fixes the ice thickness in each category and behaves better numerically than a scheme that represents the thickness distribution as a set of delta functions. Also, remapping converges faster (i.e., with fewer thickness categories) than the alternative schemes. With five to seven categories the errors due to finite resolution of the thickness distribution are much smaller than the errors due to other sources. Linear remapping performs as well as the more complex quadratic version and is recommended for climate modeling. Its computational cost is minimal compared to other sea ice model components.},
+year = {2001}
+}
+
+
+
+@article{notz_cmip6_2016,
+	title = {The {CMIP6} {Sea}-{Ice} {Model} {Intercomparison} {Project} ({SIMIP}): understanding sea ice through climate-model simulations},
+	volume = {9},
+	copyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
+	issn = {1991-9603},
+	shorttitle = {The {CMIP6} {Sea}-{Ice} {Model} {Intercomparison} {Project} ({SIMIP})},
+	url = {https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/9/3427/2016/},
+	doi = {10.5194/gmd-9-3427-2016},
+	abstract = {Abstract. A better understanding of the role of sea ice for the changing climate of our planet is the central aim of the diagnostic Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6)-endorsed Sea-Ice Model Intercomparison Project (SIMIP). To reach this aim, SIMIP requests sea-ice-related variables from climate-model simulations that allow for a better understanding and, ultimately, improvement of biases and errors in sea-ice simulations with large-scale climate models. This then allows us to better understand to what degree CMIP6 model simulations relate to reality, thus improving our confidence in answering sea-ice-related questions based on these simulations. Furthermore, the SIMIP protocol provides a standard for sea-ice model output that will streamline and hence simplify the analysis of the simulated sea-ice evolution in research projects independent of CMIP. To reach its aims, SIMIP provides a structured list of model output that allows for an examination of the three main budgets that govern the evolution of sea ice, namely the heat budget, the momentum budget, and the mass budget. In this contribution, we explain the aims of SIMIP in more detail and outline how its design allows us to answer some of the most pressing questions that sea ice still poses to the international climate-research community.},
+	language = {en},
+	number = {9},
+	urldate = {2024-04-30},
+	journal = {Geoscientific Model Development},
+	author = {Notz, Dirk and Jahn, Alexandra and Holland, Marika and Hunke, Elizabeth and Massonnet, François and Stroeve, Julienne and Tremblay, Bruno and Vancoppenolle, Martin},
+	month = sep,
+	year = {2016},
+	pages = {3427--3446},
+	file = {Notz et al. - 2016 - The CMIP6 Sea-Ice Model Intercomparison Project (S.pdf:/Users/ajs/Zotero/storage/8RIWRH4M/Notz et al. - 2016 - The CMIP6 Sea-Ice Model Intercomparison Project (S.pdf:application/pdf},
+}
+
+@article{Rothrock1975,
+author = {Rothrock, D. A.},
+title = {The steady drift of an incompressible Arctic ice cover},
+journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (1896-1977)},
+volume = {80},
+number = {3},
+pages = {387-397},
+doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/JC080i003p00387},
+url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/JC080i003p00387},
+eprint = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/JC080i003p00387},
+abstract = {The steady drift of pack ice in an idealized arctic basin has been calculated by assuming that the ice is incompressible and inviscid. The momentum and continuity equations for the ice are solved for the velocity and the ice pressure. The divergence of velocity is assumed to be 0.33×10−8 s−1. The boundary conditions require that no ice flows across coastal boundaries but that ice flows out of the basin into the Greenland Sea and into the basin from the Kara Sea. The patterns of calculated velocities and vorticities are realistic, but their magnitudes are too high. The maximum calculated ice pressure of about 108 dyn cm−1 (pressure integrated through the ice thickness) is marginally able to ridge thick ice, according to the ridging model of Parmerter and Coon (1973). These maximum values occur near Greenland, where Wittmann and Schule (1966) report intense ridging. When the wind stress is reduced to one third of the strength first assumed, realistic speeds and vorticities are obtained, and the maximum pressures are reduced to one third of the above value. Coastal shear zones of the order of 100 km wide can be represented by the added assumption of a shear viscosity of about 6×1012 g s−1 and a no-slip condition on coastal boundaries.},
+year = {1975}
+}
+
+
+
+@article {Semtner1976,
+      author = "Albert J.  Semtner ",
+      title = "A Model for the Thermodynamic Growth of Sea Ice in Numerical Investigations of Climate",
+      journal = "Journal of Physical Oceanography",
+      year = "1976",
+      publisher = "American Meteorological Society",
+      address = "Boston MA, USA",
+      volume = "6",
+      number = "3",
+      doi = "10.1175/1520-0485(1976)006<0379:AMFTTG>2.0.CO;2",
+      pages=      "379 - 389",
+      url = "https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/phoc/6/3/1520-0485_1976_006_0379_amfttg_2_0_co_2.xml"
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{Ziehn2020,
+  title    = "The {Australian Earth System Model}: {ACCESS-ESM1.5}",
+  author   = "Ziehn, Tilo and Chamberlain, Matthew A and Law, Rachel M and
+              Lenton, Andrew and Bodman, Roger W and Dix, Martin and Stevens,
+              Lauren and Wang, Ying-Ping and Srbinovsky, Jhan",
+  abstract = "The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator
+              (ACCESS) has been extended to include land and ocean carbon cycle
+              components to form an Earth System Model (ESM). The current
+              version, ACCESS-ESM1.5, has been mainly developed to enable
+              Australia to participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison
+              Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) with an ESM version. Here we describe the
+              model components and changes to the previous version,
+              ACCESS-ESM1. We use the 500-year pre-industrial control run to
+              highlight the stability of the physical climate and the carbon
+              cycle. The long spin-up, negligible drift in temperature and
+              small pre-industrial net carbon fluxes (0.02 and 0.08 PgC year−1
+              for land and ocean respectively) highlight the suitability of
+              ACCESS-ESM1.5 to explore modes of variability in the climate
+              system and coupling to the carbon cycle. The physical climate and
+              carbon cycle for the present day have been evaluated using the
+              CMIP6 historical simulation by comparing against observations and
+              ACCESS-ESM1. Although there is generally little change in the
+              climate simulation from the earlier model, many aspects of the
+              carbon simulation are improved. An assessment of the climate
+              response to CO2 forcing indicates that ACCESS-ESM1.5 has an
+              equilibrium climate sensitivity of 3.87°C.",
+  journal  = "Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science",
+  volume   =  70,
+  number   =  1,
+  pages    = "193--214",
+  year     =  2020,
+  keywords = "Keywords: ACCESS, biogeochemistry, CABLE, carbon cycle, climate
+              modelling, CMIP6, earth system modelling",
+  DOI      = {10.1071/ES19035}
+}