[APMAPI-1284] Package libdatadog v17.0.0 for Ruby

[vpellan]

What does this PR do?

This PR includes the changes documented in the "Releasing a new version to rubygems.org" part of the README:
datadog/libdatadog@main/ruby#releasing-a-new-version-to-rubygemsorg

Motivation

Enable Ruby to use libdatadog v17.0.0. Of particular interest, this includes a new API for process discovery (#867)

Additional Notes

N/A

How to test the change?

When service discovery on dd-trace-rb side will be ready it will be tested against it.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 71.82%. Comparing base (9b6500c) to head (8419998).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #996      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   71.84%   71.82%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         335      335              
  Lines       50330    50330              
==========================================
- Hits        36158    36152       -6     
- Misses      14172    14178       +6     

Components	Coverage Δ
crashtracker	42.85% <ø> (ø)
crashtracker-ffi	6.25% <ø> (ø)
datadog-alloc	98.73% <ø> (ø)
data-pipeline	90.70% <ø> (ø)
data-pipeline-ffi	90.29% <ø> (ø)
ddcommon	79.95% <ø> (ø)
ddcommon-ffi	66.37% <ø> (ø)
ddtelemetry	61.76% <ø> (ø)
ddtelemetry-ffi	22.46% <ø> (ø)
dogstatsd-client	82.57% <ø> (ø)
ipc	82.42% <ø> (ø)
profiling	77.58% <ø> (+0.01%)	⬆️
profiling-ffi	62.28% <ø> (ø)
serverless	0.00% <ø> (ø)
sidecar	42.54% <ø> (ø)
sidecar-ffi	13.52% <ø> (ø)
spawn-worker	54.37% <ø> (ø)
tinybytes	91.59% <ø> (ø)
trace-mini-agent	73.82% <ø> (ø)
trace-normalization	98.24% <ø> (ø)
trace-obfuscation	96.00% <ø> (ø)
trace-protobuf	78.13% <ø> (ø)
trace-utils	93.05% <ø> (ø)

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