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@@ -11,24 +11,24 @@ | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | ||
| "metadata": {}, | ||
| "source": [ | ||
| "Copied from [https://github.com/jakevdp/PythonDataScienceHandbook](https://github.com/jakevdp/PythonDataScienceHandbook)" | ||
| "Copied from [https://github.com/jakevdp/PythonDataScienceHandbook](https://github.com/jakevdp/PythonDataScienceHandbook) with modifications to demonstrate notebook diffing." | ||
|
There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. test There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. this is a really long commentathis is a really long commentathis is a really long commentathis is a really long commentathis is a really long commentathis is a really long commenta |
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| ] | ||
| }, | ||
| { | ||
| "cell_type": "markdown", | ||
| "metadata": {}, | ||
| "source": [ | ||
| "One of the essential pieces of NumPy is the ability to perform quick element-wise operations, both with basic arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.) and with more sophisticated operations (trigonometric functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, etc.).\n", | ||
|
There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. test |
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| "Pandas inherits much of this functionality from NumPy, and the ufuncs that we introduced in [Computation on NumPy Arrays: Universal Functions](02.03-Computation-on-arrays-ufuncs.ipynb) are key to this.\n", | ||
| "Pandas inherits much of this functionality from NumPy, and the ufuncs that we introduced in [Computation on NumPy Arrays: Universal Functions](https://gitnotebooks.com/blog) are key to this.\n", | ||
| "\n", | ||
| "Pandas includes a couple useful twists, however: for unary operations like negation and trigonometric functions, these ufuncs will *preserve index and column labels* in the output, and for binary operations such as addition and multiplication, Pandas will automatically *align indices* when passing the objects to the ufunc.\n", | ||
| "This means that keeping the context of data and combining data from different sources–both potentially error-prone tasks with raw NumPy arrays–become essentially foolproof ones with Pandas.\n", | ||
| "We will additionally see that there are well-defined operations between one-dimensional ``Series`` structures and two-dimensional ``DataFrame`` structures." | ||
| "We will additionally see that there are well-defined operations between one-dimensional Series structures and two-dimensional DataFrame structures." | ||
| ] | ||
| }, | ||
| { | ||
| "cell_type": "code", | ||
| "execution_count": 121, | ||
| "execution_count": 26, | ||
| "metadata": { | ||
| "collapsed": true | ||
| }, | ||
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@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ | |
| }, | ||
| { | ||
| "cell_type": "code", | ||
| "execution_count": 122, | ||
| "execution_count": 27, | ||
| "metadata": { | ||
| "collapsed": false | ||
| }, | ||
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@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ | |
| }, | ||
| { | ||
| "cell_type": "code", | ||
| "execution_count": 123, | ||
| "execution_count": 28, | ||
| "metadata": { | ||
| "collapsed": false | ||
| }, | ||
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@@ -77,26 +77,26 @@ | |
| "data": { | ||
| "text/plain": [ | ||
| "0 2.0\n", | ||
| "1 5.0\n", | ||
| "2 9.0\n", | ||
| "3 5.0\n", | ||
| "1 3.0\n", | ||
| "2 3.0\n", | ||
| "3 -5.0\n", | ||
| "dtype: float64" | ||
| ] | ||
| }, | ||
| "execution_count": 123, | ||
| "execution_count": 28, | ||
| "metadata": {}, | ||
| "output_type": "execute_result" | ||
| } | ||
| ], | ||
| "source": [ | ||
| "A.add(B, fill_value=0)" | ||
| "A.subtract(B, fill_value=0)" | ||
| ] | ||
| }, | ||
| { | ||
| "cell_type": "markdown", | ||
| "metadata": {}, | ||
| "source": [ | ||
| "Notice that indices are aligned correctly irrespective of their order in the two objects, and indices in the result are sorted.\n", | ||
| "Observe that the indices align accurately regardless of their sequence in the two objects, and the result's indices are organized in ascending order.\n", | ||
| "As was the case with ``Series``, we can use the associated object's arithmetic method and pass any desired ``fill_value`` to be used in place of missing entries.\n", | ||
| "Here we'll fill with the mean of all values in ``A`` (computed by first stacking the rows of ``A``):" | ||
| ] | ||
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@@ -144,40 +144,36 @@ | |
| " <th></th>\n", | ||
| " <th>A</th>\n", | ||
| " <th>B</th>\n", | ||
| " <th>C</th>\n", | ||
| " </tr>\n", | ||
| " </thead>\n", | ||
| " <tbody>\n", | ||
| " <tr>\n", | ||
| " <th>0</th>\n", | ||
| " <td>19.00</td>\n", | ||
| " <td>20.00</td>\n", | ||
| " <td>16.75</td>\n", | ||
| " <td>26.0</td>\n", | ||
| " </tr>\n", | ||
| " <tr>\n", | ||
| " <th>1</th>\n", | ||
| " <td>8.00</td>\n", | ||
| " <td>3.00</td>\n", | ||
| " <td>12.75</td>\n", | ||
| " <td>19.0</td>\n", | ||
| " </tr>\n", | ||
| " <tr>\n", | ||
| " <th>2</th>\n", | ||
| " <td>16.75</td>\n", | ||
| " <td>10.75</td>\n", | ||
| " <td>12.75</td>\n", | ||
| " <td>53.0</td>\n", | ||
| " <td>56.0</td>\n", | ||
| " </tr>\n", | ||
| " </tbody>\n", | ||
| "</table>\n", | ||
| "</div>" | ||
| ], | ||
| "text/plain": [ | ||
| " A B C\n", | ||
| "0 19.00 20.00 16.75\n", | ||
| "1 8.00 3.00 12.75\n", | ||
| "2 16.75 10.75 12.75" | ||
| " A B C\n", | ||
| "0 10.0 26.0 55.0\n", | ||
| "1 16.0 19.0 55.0\n", | ||
| "2 53.0 56.0 52.0" | ||
| ] | ||
| }, | ||
| "execution_count": 127, | ||
| "execution_count": 30, | ||
| "metadata": {}, | ||
| "output_type": "execute_result" | ||
| } | ||
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@@ -200,7 +196,7 @@ | |
| "# Large cells? No problem. Cells are collapsed to showcase the diff\n", | ||
| "# Large cells? No problem. Cells are collapsed to showcase the diff\n", | ||
| "\n", | ||
| "fill = A.stack().mean()\n", | ||
| "fill = A.stack().sum()\n", | ||
|
There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. code comment |
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| "A.add(B, fill_value=fill)\n", | ||
| "\n", | ||
| "# Large cells? No problem. Cells are collapsed to showcase the diff\n", | ||
|
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@@ -225,7 +221,7 @@ | |
| "cell_type": "markdown", | ||
| "metadata": {}, | ||
| "source": [ | ||
| "## Ufuncs: Operations Between DataFrame and Series\n", | ||
| "## Ufuncs: Operations Between DataFrame and Series with a changed header\n", | ||
| "\n", | ||
| "When performing operations between a ``DataFrame`` and a ``Series``, the index and column alignment is similarly maintained.\n", | ||
| "Operations between a ``DataFrame`` and a ``Series`` are similar to operations between a two-dimensional and one-dimensional NumPy array.\n", | ||
|
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@@ -234,20 +230,20 @@ | |
| }, | ||
| { | ||
| "cell_type": "code", | ||
| "execution_count": 128, | ||
| "execution_count": 31, | ||
| "metadata": { | ||
| "collapsed": false | ||
| }, | ||
| "outputs": [ | ||
| { | ||
| "data": { | ||
| "text/plain": [ | ||
| "array([[1, 5, 5, 9],\n", | ||
| " [3, 5, 1, 9],\n", | ||
| " [1, 9, 3, 7]])" | ||
| "array([[7, 7, 2, 5],\n", | ||
| " [4, 1, 7, 5],\n", | ||
| " [1, 4, 0, 9]])" | ||
| ] | ||
| }, | ||
| "execution_count": 128, | ||
| "execution_count": 31, | ||
| "metadata": {}, | ||
| "output_type": "execute_result" | ||
| } | ||
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| }, | ||
| { | ||
| "cell_type": "code", | ||
| "execution_count": 129, | ||
| "execution_count": 32, | ||
| "metadata": { | ||
| "collapsed": false | ||
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| "data": { | ||
| "text/plain": [ | ||
| "array([[ 0, 0, 0, 0],\n", | ||
| " [ 2, 0, -4, 0],\n", | ||
| " [ 0, 4, -2, -2]])" | ||
| " [-3, -6, 5, 0],\n", | ||
| " [-6, -3, -2, 4]])" | ||
| ] | ||
| }, | ||
| "execution_count": 129, | ||
| "execution_count": 32, | ||
| "metadata": {}, | ||
| "output_type": "execute_result" | ||
| } | ||
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