Add new register phases to RRTMGP schemes

[peverwhee]

Tag name (The PR title should also include the tag name): TBD
Originator(s): peverwhee, fvitt

Description (include issue title and the keyword ['closes', 'fixes', 'resolves'] and issue number):
To allow chemistry packages (like CARMA) to access wavelength band info (needed by @fvitt), this PR reorganizes RRTMGP schemes slightly.

1. Adds new register phase to the rrtmgp_inputs_setup scheme
2. renames a couple of init phases to register phases

List all namelist files that were added or changed: n/a

List all files eliminated and why: n/a

List all files added and what they do: n/a

List all existing files that have been modified, and describe the changes:
(Helpful git command: git diff --name-status development...<your_branch_name>)

M    schemes/rrtmgp/rrtmgp_inputs_setup.F90
M    schemes/rrtmgp/rrtmgp_inputs_setup.meta
- separates rrtmgp_inputs_setup_init into _register and _init (register phase sets wavelength band numbers)

M    schemes/rrtmgp/rrtmgp_lw_gas_optics.F90
M    schemes/rrtmgp/rrtmgp_lw_gas_optics.meta
M    schemes/rrtmgp/rrtmgp_pre.F90
M    schemes/rrtmgp/rrtmgp_pre.meta
M    schemes/rrtmgp/rrtmgp_sw_gas_optics.F90
M    schemes/rrtmgp/rrtmgp_sw_gas_optics.meta
M    schemes/rrtmgp/utils/radiation_utils.F90
- turn init phases into register phases to account for rrtmgp_inputs_setup changes

List all automated tests that failed, as well as an explanation for why they weren't fixed: n/a

Is this an answer-changing PR? If so, is it a new physics package, algorithm change, tuning change, etc? no

If yes to the above question, describe how this code was validated with the new/modified features:

[jimmielin]

Thanks @peverwhee!