Data Modeling in Node.js with Mongoose

This repository contains a comprehensive tutorial on data modeling in Node.js using Mongoose. It covers simple, medium, and hard examples to help you understand how to structure your backend data efficiently.

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What is Data Modeling?

Data modeling is the process of defining how data is stored, structured, and related in a database. It ensures consistency, efficiency, and easy querying.

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1. Simple Example – User Schema

A simple schema with basic fields:

import mongoose from "mongoose";

const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  name: { type: String, required: true },
  email: { type: String, required: true, unique: true },
  password: { type: String, required: true },
});

const User = mongoose.model("User", userSchema);
export default User;

✅ Features:

• Basic fields (name, email, password)
• Validation (required, unique)

2. Medium Example – Blog Post Schema

Includes relationships:

import mongoose from "mongoose";
import User from "./User.js";

const postSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  title: { type: String, required: true },
  content: { type: String, required: true },
  author: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: "User", required: true },
  tags: [String],
}, { timestamps: true });

const Post = mongoose.model("Post", postSchema);
export default Post;

✅ Features:

• Relationship (author references User)
• Array (tags)
• Timestamps (createdAt, updatedAt)

3. Hard Example – E-commerce Order Schema

• Complex schema with nested objects, enums, and multiple references:

import mongoose from "mongoose";
import User from "./User.js";
import Product from "./Product.js";

const orderSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  user: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: "User", required: true },
  products: [
    {
      product: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: "Product", required: true },
      quantity: { type: Number, required: true, default: 1 },
    },
  ],
  status: { type: String, enum: ["Pending", "Shipped", "Delivered"], default: "Pending" },
  totalAmount: { type: Number, required: true },
  shippingAddress: {
    street: String,
    city: String,
    zip: String,
    country: String,
  },
}, { timestamps: true });

const Order = mongoose.model("Order", orderSchema);
export default Order;

✅ Features:

• Multiple relationships (user and products)
• Array of objects (products)
• Nested objects (shippingAddress)
• Enum validation (status)
• Timestamps