Refactor storage types

[LDeakin]

This is mostly an internal change, but downstream users may need to:

• Arc wrap storage transformers
• In methods generic over storage, add a 'static lifetime to storage

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 94 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (ceb1018) 77.58% compared to head (daff3f0) 77.57%.

Files	Patch %	Lines
...e/storage_transformer/storage_transformer_chain.rs	22.91%	37 Missing ⚠️
src/storage/storage_transformer/usage_log.rs	17.24%	24 Missing ⚠️
...storage/storage_transformer/performance_metrics.rs	24.13%	22 Missing ⚠️
src/array/array_async_readable.rs	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/array/array_async_writable.rs	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/array/array_sync_readable.rs	66.66%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/array/array_sync_writable.rs	75.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/array/codec.rs	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main       #5      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   77.58%   77.57%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         123      123              
  Lines       17612    17606       -6     
==========================================
- Hits        13665    13658       -7     
- Misses       3947     3948       +1     

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