Language Notice: View in Arabic (العربية) |

Analog Clock - Windows Forms Application

This code is a C# implementation of an analog clock using Windows Forms. It creates a graphical representation of a clock with hour, minute, and second hands, along with hour and minute markings. Below is a detailed explanation of the code:

---

1. Namespace and Class

namespace ANALOG_CLOCK
{
    public partial class frmANALOG_CLOCK : Form
    {
        // Variables and methods
    }
}

• The code is part of the ANALOG_CLOCK namespace.
• The frmANALOG_CLOCK class inherits from Form, which is the base class for Windows Forms applications.

---

2. Variables

int SecondHand, MinuteHand, HourHand, Clk_Radius;
Point Clk_Center, PictureBox_Origin, Clock_Origin;
Graphics graphics;
Bitmap bitmap;

• SecondHand, MinuteHand, HourHand: Store the lengths of the clock hands.
• Clk_Radius: The radius of the clock.
• Clk_Center: The center point of the clock.
• PictureBox_Origin: The starting point of the PictureBox control (used to display the clock).
• Clock_Origin: The starting point of the clock within the PictureBox.
• graphics: A Graphics object used to draw on the Bitmap.
• bitmap: A Bitmap object that acts as the canvas for drawing the clock.

---

3. Form Load Event

private void frmANALOG_CLOCK_Load(object sStarter, EventArgs e)
{
    InitializeClock();
    timer1.Interval = 1000;
    timer1.Start();
}

• InitializeClock(): Initializes the clock's dimensions and properties.
• timer1.Interval = 1000: Sets the timer interval to 1 second (1000 milliseconds).
• timer1.Start(): Starts the timer, which triggers the timer1_Tick event every second.

---

4. Timer Tick Event

private void timer1_Tick(object sStarter, EventArgs e)
{
    graphics.Clear(Color.White);

    _DrawClock();
    _DrawHourNumbers();
    _DrawMinuteLines();
    _DrawMinuteNumbers();
    _DrawClockHands();
    Draw_Circle(8, new Pen(Color.Red, 18));

    pbClock.Image = bitmap;
}

• graphics.Clear(Color.White): Clears the canvas with a white background.
• _DrawClock(): Draws the outer circle of the clock.
• _DrawHourNumbers(): Draws the hour numbers (1 to 12) around the clock.
• _DrawMinuteLines(): Draws the minute markings (small lines) around the clock.
• _DrawMinuteNumbers(): Draws the minute numbers (e.g., 5, 10, 15, etc.) around the clock.
• _DrawClockHands(): Draws the hour, minute, and second hands.
• Draw_Circle(8, new Pen(Color.Red, 18)): Draws a small red circle at the center of the clock.
• pbClock.Image = bitmap: Updates the PictureBox with the newly drawn clock.

---

5. Clock Initialization

void InitializeClock()
{
    Clk_Radius = 250;
    PictureBox_Origin = new Point(10, 10);
    pbClock.Location = PictureBox_Origin;
    pbClock.Width = 3 * Clk_Radius;
    pbClock.Height = 3 * Clk_Radius;

    Clock_Origin = new Point(pbClock.Location.X + (int)(Clk_Radius / 5), pbClock.Location.Y + (int)(Clk_Radius / 5));

    bitmap = new Bitmap((int)(2.5 * Clk_Radius), (int)(2.5 * Clk_Radius));
    graphics = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap);
    Clk_Center = new Point(bitmap.Width / 2, bitmap.Width / 2);
    SecondHand = (int)(Clk_Radius * 0.8);
    MinuteHand = (int)(Clk_Radius * 0.7);
    HourHand = (int)(Clk_Radius * 0.5);
}

• Sets the clock's radius and initializes the PictureBox dimensions.
• Calculates the center of the clock and the lengths of the hands relative to the radius.

---

6. Drawing the Clock

void _DrawClock()
{
    Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Brown, 25);
    Rectangle Rec = new Rectangle(Clock_Origin.X, Clock_Origin.Y, Clk_Radius * 2, Clk_Radius * 2);
    graphics.DrawArc(pen, Rec, 0, 360);
}

• Draws the outer circle of the clock using a brown pen.

---

7. Drawing the Clock Hands

void _DrawClockHands()
{
    double Second = DateTime.Now.Second;
    double Minute = DateTime.Now.Minute;
    double Hour = DateTime.Now.Hour;
    Hour += Minute / 60;
    double SecondAngle = Second * (360 / 60);
    SecondAngle += 270;
    Point SecondPoint = GetPoint(SecondAngle, SecondHand);
    graphics.DrawLine(new Pen(Color.Red, 3f), Clk_Center, SecondPoint);

    double MinuteAngle = Minute * (360 / 60);
    MinuteAngle += 270;
    Point MinutePoint = GetPoint(MinuteAngle, MinuteHand);
    graphics.DrawLine(new Pen(Color.Gray, 6f), Clk_Center, MinutePoint);

    double HourAngle = Hour * (360 / 12);
    HourAngle += 270;
    Point HourPoint = GetPoint(HourAngle, HourHand);
    graphics.DrawLine(new Pen(Color.Black, 8f), Clk_Center, HourPoint);
}

• Calculates the angles for the hour, minute, and second hands based on the current time.
• Uses the GetPoint method to determine the endpoint of each hand.
• Draws the hands using different colors and thicknesses.

---

8. Drawing Hour Numbers

private void _DrawHourNumbers()
{
    int HourNumbersRadius = 200;
    double Angle = 270;
    for (int i = 12; i > 0; i--)
    {
        Point P = GetPoint(Angle, HourNumbersRadius);
        // Adjust positions for each number
        graphics.DrawString(i.ToString(), font, solidbrush, P.X, P.Y, stringformat);
        Angle -= 30;
    }
}

• Draws the numbers 1 through 12 around the clock at 30-degree intervals.

---

9. Drawing Minute Lines and Numbers

private void _DrawMinuteLines()
{
    // Draws small lines for each minute
}

private void _DrawMinuteNumbers()
{
    // Draws numbers for every 5 minutes
}

• _DrawMinuteLines(): Draws 60 small lines around the clock, with thicker lines for every 5 minutes.
• _DrawMinuteNumbers(): Draws numbers (e.g., 5, 10, 15, etc.) at the appropriate positions.

---

10. Helper Methods

Point GetPoint(double Angle, int Radius)
{
    Point point = new Point(0, 0);
    point.X = Clock_Origin.X + Clk_Radius + (int)(Radius * Math.Cos(Math.PI * Angle / 180));
    point.Y = Clock_Origin.Y + Clk_Radius + (int)(Radius * Math.Sin(Math.PI * Angle / 180));
    return point;
}

void Draw_Circle(int Radius, Pen pen)
{
    Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(Clock_Origin.X + Clk_Radius - Radius, Clock_Origin.Y + Clk_Radius - Radius, Radius * 2, Radius * 2);
    graphics.DrawArc(pen, rect, 0, 360);
}

• GetPoint(): Converts an angle and radius into a point on the clock.
• Draw_Circle(): Draws a circle with a specified radius and pen.

---

Summary

This program creates a functional analog clock using Windows Forms. It dynamically updates the clock hands every second and includes hour and minute markings. The Graphics class is used extensively to draw the clock components, and the Timer ensures the clock updates in real-time.