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Add preliminary Muon+M-FSDP support#4486

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janEbert wants to merge 5 commits intoNVIDIA:mainfrom
janEbert:muon-m-fsdp
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Add preliminary Muon+M-FSDP support#4486
janEbert wants to merge 5 commits intoNVIDIA:mainfrom
janEbert:muon-m-fsdp

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Introduce Muon support to M-FSDP. Currently 1.5×–2.7× as slow compared to an Adam baseline with a 1B–8B DeepSeek-V3 proxy model. Peak memory slightly lower than with Adam (4–7 % less).

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Route the emerging-optimizer factory through a Megatron-FSDP-specific
path when `ddp_config.use_megatron_fsdp` is set. Megatron-FSDP attaches
grads via `finish_grad_sync()` on DTensor params instead of via DDP's
main_grad buffers, so the standard `Float16OptimizerWithFloat16Params`
wrapper does not apply; we always wrap with `FP32Optimizer` instead and
drive the FSDP step contract from a thin `FSDPMuonChainedOptimizer`
adapter that calls `finish_grad_sync()` and
`install_optimized_model_weights()` around the inner step.

For now this supports ZeRO-0 ("no_shard") only; ZeRO-1/2/3 will work
without errors on the wiring but require a sharding-aware Muon variant
for numerical correctness, added in a follow-up.

Also patch `LayerWiseDistributedOptimizer._allgather_helper` to read
DTensor-backed params via `_local_tensor`, so the layer-wise + FSDP
combination can flatten the local shard rather than the global DTensor.
Add `FSDPZeROTensorParallelMuon`, a TensorParallelMuon subclass that:

1. Extracts the `Shard(0)` local tensor from each gradient
   DTensor: (`finish_grad_sync` produces a row-shard per DP rank for
   `optim`, `optim_grads` and `optim_grads_params`).
2. Allgathers the shards across the DP group to reconstruct the
   TP-local, DP-full gradient matrix.
3. Trims FSDP bucket-padding rows using the DTensor's declared global
   shape.
4. Delegates Newton-Schulz to the parent class (which handles the TP
   dimension via `newton_schulz_tp`).
5. Re-shards the orthogonalized result back to a `Shard(0)` DTensor with
   matching placements so the in-place update in
   `OrthogonalizedOptimizer.step` does not promote to `Replicate` and
   trip the global-shape check.

The FSDP factory in `_build_megatron_fsdp_emerging_optimizer` now picks
`FSDPZeROTensorParallelMuon` for any sharded inner-DP strategy and
passes `pg_collection.dp_cp` for dense params and
`pg_collection.expt_dp` for expert params (since expert grads
reduce-scatter over a different group). "no_shard" continues to use
plain `TensorParallelMuon`.

DTensor is imported at module scope with a `_HAVE_DTENSOR` guard so the
isinstance checks stay cheap and the module still imports on stacks
without `torch.distributed.tensor`.
Three phases of tests for the Muon + Megatron-FSDP integration:

- Phase 1: `FSDPMuonChainedOptimizer` adapter (single-rank, mock-based).
  Verifies the step contract – finish_grad_sync -> inner step ->
  install_optimized_model_weights – and attribute delegation.
- Phase 2: `FSDPZeROTensorParallelMuon.orthogonalize` (multi-rank).
  Asserts the allgather -> Newton-Schulz -> reshard cycle is numerically
  equivalent to running NS on the full gradient and extracting the local
  row-shard, including FSDP padding edge cases. Includes a DTensor
  round-trip test that catches the `p.add_(orthogonalized_dtensor)`
  placement-promotion bug.
- Phase 3: `_build_megatron_fsdp_emerging_optimizer` factory. Confirms
  the factory dispatches plain `TensorParallelMuon` for `no_shard` and
  `FSDPZeROTensorParallelMuon` for sharded strategies, and that expert
  vs. non-expert Muon instances receive `expt_dp` vs. `dp_cp` as their
  allgather group.
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