[core] Add Decomposition Pattern Selection logic

[lmondada]

This PR introduces a "decomposition pattern graph", implemented in DecompositionPatternSelection.cpp. For encapsulation, it is not exposed in any header file, and hence can only be used through the new selectDecompositionPatterns function exposed in DecompositionPatterns.h.

The passes Decomposition and BasisConversion are modified to use this new pattern selection mechanism whenever the basis argument is specified and enable-patterns is empty. The basis argument was added to the Decomposition pass (and is optional).

DecompositionGraph is constructed using the metadata exposed by #3587 on the available decomposition patterns. The graph captures how gates can be decomposed into other gates (edges are decomposition patterns, vertices are gate types). For any desired target gate set, the set of all "useful" decompositions can be inferred by traversing the graph backwards, starting from the target gate set.

I have left the actual pass definitions in the target YAML files unchanged. It should be possible to substantially simplify them in a future PR, as using the basis argument should make most explicit lists of enabled and disabled patterns superfluous.

See also Jira issue CUDAQ-217