refactor nudging code to use cdeps on line remapping and interpolation

[mvertens]

Summary: refactor nudging code to use cdeps on line remapping and interpolation

Contributors: @gold2718

Reviewers: @gold2718

Purpose of changes:
The current nudging code (nudging.F90) requires a single file for every time sample - and often this is every 6 hours. In addition it does not do any mapping from the forcing data to the model grid. Using the CDEPS inline functionality along with its capability to do online horizontal regridding (including for multiple vertical levels) and time interpolation the nudging code has been completely refactored. With this new code - monthly nudging data can be read at just one resolution and the model vertical levels and used with any model grid.
The one change that comes with this is if there is missing data. In the original scheme, if missing data was encountered then the model 'coasted' through the forcing interval and was not nudged. In the new scheme, the time interpolation (linear or upper) is used with the actual data that is available.

To see more details of the inline functionality from CDEPS used here see: https://escomp.github.io/CDEPS/versions/master/html/index.html and in particular https://escomp.github.io/CDEPS/versions/master/html/streams.html#data-model-stream-inline-api

Changes made to build system: None

Changes made to the namelist: The following new namelist variables were introduced:
Nudge_Filenames, Nudge_Meshfile, Nugde_beg_day, Nudge_beg_month, Nudge_beg_year, Nudge_end_day, Nudge_end_month, Nudge_end_year, Nudge_file_times_per_day, Model_update_times_per_day

Changes to the defaults for the boundary datasets: None

Substantial timing or memory changes: TODO - the expectation is that the new code should be faster than the old one since a new file does not have to be opened and closed at every nudging time step. This needs to be confirmed.

Validation:
The following validation was run. using a noresm3_0_beta09 sandbox with this PR and the CDEPS PR NorESMhub/CDEPS#26. Two simulations were done - a reference simulation and a nudging to the reference simulation.

Reference Simulation:

/create_newcase --case /cluster/home/mvertens/noresm/NF1850_ne16pg3_ne16pg3_mtn14_b09_ref --compset 1850_CAM70%LT%NORESM%CAMoslo_CLM60%SP_CICE%PRES_DOCN%DOM_MOSART_DGLC%NOEVOLVE_SWAV_SESP --res ne16pg3_ne16pg3_mtn14 --project nn9560
k --run-unsupported --mach betzy

with the following user_nl_cam

empty_htapes=.true.
nhtfrq = 0, -6, -1,
mfilt  = 1,  28, 168,
ndens  = 2,  2,  2,
fincl2 = 'PS:I','U:I','V:I','T:I','Q:I'
fincl3 = 'PS:I','U:I','V:I','T:I','Q:I','U850:I','V850:I','T850:I','Z500:I'
fincl3lonlat = '11e_60n'

zmconv_c0_lnd             = 0.0075D0
zmconv_c0_ocn             = 0.0075D0
zmconv_ke                 =  5.0E-6
zmconv_ke_lnd             =  1.0E-5
dust_emis_fact            = 6.1D0
clim_modal_aero_top_press = 1.D-4
micro_mg_dcs              = 700.D-6
clubb_c8                  =  5.0D0

Nudging Simulation:

./create_newcase --case /cluster/home/mvertens/noresm/NF1850_ne16pg3_ne16pg3_mtn14_b09_nudging --compset 1850_CAM70%LT%NORESM%CAMoslo_CLM60%SP_CICE%PRES_DOCN%DOM_MOSART_DGLC%NOEVOLVE_SWAV_SESP --res ne16pg3_ne16pg3_mtn14 --project nn
9560k --run-unsupported --mach betzy

The following was set in user_nl_cam:

&nudging_nl
Nudge_Model         = .true.
Nudge_Datapath      = '/cluster/work/users/mvertens/archive/NF1850_ne16pg3_ne16pg3_mtn14_b09_ref/atm/hist'
Nudge_Filenames     = 'NF1850_ne16pg3_ne16pg3_mtn14_b09_ref.cam.h1i.0001-01-01-21600.nc',
                      'NF1850_ne16pg3_ne16pg3_mtn14_b09_ref.cam.h1i.0001-01-08-21600.nc',
                      'NF1850_ne16pg3_ne16pg3_mtn14_b09_ref.cam.h1i.0001-01-15-21600.nc'
Nudge_Meshfile      = '/cluster/shared/noresm/inputdata/share/meshes/ne16pg3_ESMFmesh_cdf5_c20211018.nc'
Nudge_TimeScale_Opt = 0
Nudge_Force_Opt     = 1
Nudge_Uprof         = 1
Nudge_Ucoef         = 1.0
Nudge_Vprof         = 1
Nudge_Vcoef         = 1.0
Nudge_Tprof         = 0
Nudge_Tcoef         = 0.0
Nudge_PSprof        = 0
Nudge_PScoef        = 0.0
Nudge_Qprof         = 0
Nudge_Qcoef         = 0.0
Nudge_beg_year      = 1
Nudge_beg_month     = 1
Nudge_beg_day       = 2
Nudge_end_day       = 14
Nudge_end_month     = 1
Nudge_end_year      = 1
Nudge_taxmode       = 'limit'
Model_update_times_per_day = 48
!
empty_htapes       =.true.
nhtfrq             = 0, -6, -1,
mfilt            = 1,  28, 168,
!mfilt             = 1,   1,   1
ndens              = 2,  2,  2,
fincl2             = 'PS:I','U:I','V:I','T:I','Q:I','Target_U','Target_V','Nudge_U','Nudge_V'
fincl3             = 'PS:I','U:I','V:I','T:I','Q:I','U850:I','V850:I','T850:I','Z500:I',
                     'Target_U','Target_V','Nudge_U','Nudge_V'
fincl3lonlat       = '11e_60n'
!
zmconv_c0_lnd             = 0.0075D0
zmconv_c0_ocn             = 0.0075D0
zmconv_ke                 =  5.0E-6
zmconv_ke_lnd             =  1.0E-5
dust_emis_fact            = 6.1D0
clim_modal_aero_top_press = 1.D-4

Following is the nudging validation:

[ List each test suite run. For each suite, include machine, compiler, and any test failures.
For each failure, include the contents of TestStatus or the output from cs.status.testid for that test ]

Issues addressed by this PR: [ For each issue include a GitHub issue entry, one per line. ]

[Ovewh]

Plot for the same nudged and reference simulation, but of surface pressure:

[gold2718]

This work will be a great improvement to NorESM/CAM!

• I have a few questions and a bunch of (hopefully easy) change requests.
• I have included a set of change requests to refactor how the model is aligned with the nudging data. This is to allow nudging to be turned on and off during a model run while independently choosing which nudging data to use.
• Consider moving the cnst_get_ind call in timestep_init to init and make the Q index a module variable. Then, you can remove the call in nudging_timestep_tend (it is not the cheapest function).

[gold2718]

Please correct the error strings here and below?

Suggested change

	call alloc_err(istat,subname,'Nudge_Utau',size3d)
	call alloc_err(istat,subname,'Nudge_Utau0',size3d)

[mvertens]

Done.

[gold2718]

Most of these still need to be done.

[mvertens]

Done.

[gold2718]

This work will be a great improvement to NorESM/CAM!

• I have a few questions and a bunch of (hopefully easy) change requests.
• I have included a set of change requests to refactor how the model is aligned with the nudging data. This is to allow nudging to be turned on and off during a model run while independently choosing which nudging data to use.
• Consider moving the cnst_get_ind call in timestep_init to init and make the Q index a module variable. Then, you can remove the call in nudging_timestep_tend (it is not the cheapest function).

[gold2718]

Much better! I think we are down to 4 items that need to be looked at.