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Summary

This PR adds proper inflation adjustment for consumption and Social Security benefits using actual CBO projections from PolicyEngine-US.

Changes

  • Social Security COLA: Benefits now increase annually based on SSA uprating (CPI-W based) from PolicyEngine-US parameters (~2.3% annual average)
  • Consumption Inflation: Consumption rises with C-CPI-U inflation projections from PolicyEngine-US (~2.5% annual average)
  • Hardcoded Values: Temporarily hardcoded inflation values from PolicyEngine-US until PR Extend uprating factors through 2100 policyengine-us#6384 is merged (extends projections to 2100)

Implementation Details

  • Created cola.py module with functions to get inflation factors
  • Pre-calculates inflation factors at simulation start for performance
  • SSA uprating uses CPI-W index from policyengine_us/parameters/gov/ssa/uprating.yaml
  • Consumption uses C-CPI-U index from policyengine_us/parameters/gov/bls/cpi/c_cpi_u.yaml
  • Documented plan to replace hardcoded values with PolicyEngine-US API once projections extend to 2100

Testing

  • Added tests for inflation factor calculations
  • Added tests for inflation application in simulations
  • All core tests passing (tax calculation tests blocked by NumPy 2.0 compatibility issue with PolicyEngine-US)

Follow-up Work

Once PolicyEngine/policyengine-us#6384 is merged, replace hardcoded values with direct API calls to PolicyEngine-US (see issues/use_policyengine_projections.md for implementation plan).

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

- Added consumption_inflation_rate parameter (default 2.5% matching C-CPI-U)
- Consumption now grows annually with inflation over simulation period
- Created inflation.py module with utilities for inflation calculations
- Support for actual C-CPI-U data from PolicyEngine-US (when available)
- Real return calculation using Fisher equation

This ensures retirees' consumption keeps pace with cost of living increases,
making simulations more realistic. The 2.5% default matches long-term
C-CPI-U averages.
- Added social_security_cola_rate parameter (default 2.3% based on CPI-W)
- Social Security benefits now increase annually with COLA
- Spouse Social Security benefits also receive COLA adjustments
- Pensions remain flat (most private pensions don't have COLA)
- Documentation explains difference between CPI-W (SS COLA) and C-CPI-U (consumption)

This ensures Social Security keeps pace with inflation as it does in reality,
using the CPI-W index that SSA actually uses for COLA calculations.
The 2.3% default matches historical CPI-W averages.
- Replaced user-adjustable inflation rates with actual projections
- SSA COLA uses actual SSA uprating schedule (varies 1.9%-2.5% through 2034)
- Consumption uses actual C-CPI-U projections (around 2.0% annually)
- Hardcoded values from PolicyEngine-US for reliability
- These match CBO projections and ensure consistency with tax calculations

This provides more accurate simulations using the same inflation projections
that drive tax bracket adjustments and Social Security COLAs in reality.
…2100

Filed issue to track replacing hardcoded inflation values with direct
PolicyEngine-US API calls once PR #6384 is merged, which extends
SSA uprating and C-CPI-U projections to 2100.

Currently hardcoded because simulations often need 30+ year projections
but PolicyEngine-US only has values through 2035.
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