feat!: Add a Measurement type as the return type for measurement functions

[tatiana-s]

Closes #1485

Requires a breaking tket release with the extension changes in #1558 before this can be merged

BREAKING CHANGE: (guppylang.std.quantum): measure (and measure_array by extension) now return Measurement instead of bool
BREAKING CHANGE: (guppylang.std.qsystem/qsystem.functional): measure and measure_reset (and by extension the array versions) now return Measurement instead of bool (this matches the behaviour of lazy_measure/lazy_measure_and_reset)
BREAKING CHANGE: (guppylang_internals): bool is now lowered to ht.Bool again instead of tket.bool

The deferred_measurement.ipynb notebook has been adjusted to explain the motivation for the lazy behaviour instead of contrasting measure and lazy_measure

[hugrbot]

This PR contains breaking changes to the public Python API.

Breaking changes summary

guppylang/src/guppylang/std/qsystem/__init__.py:0: collect_measurements:
Public object was removed

guppylang-internals/src/guppylang_internals/definition/custom.py:0: BoolOpCompiler:
Public object was removed

guppylang-internals/src/guppylang_internals/compiler/expr_compiler.py:0: ARRAY_READ_BOOL:
Public object was removed

guppylang-internals/src/guppylang_internals/compiler/expr_compiler.py:0: ARRAY_MAKE_OPAQUE_BOOL:
Public object was removed

guppylang-internals/src/guppylang_internals/compiler/expr_compiler.py:0: array_read_bool:
Public object was removed

guppylang-internals/src/guppylang_internals/compiler/expr_compiler.py:0: array_make_opaque_bool:
Public object was removed

guppylang-internals/src/guppylang_internals/compiler/expr_compiler.py:0: apply_array_op_with_conversions:
Public object was removed

guppylang-internals/src/guppylang_internals/tys/builtin.py:214: bool_type_def:
Attribute value was changed:
Old: OpaqueTypeDef(id=(DefId.fresh()), name='bool', defined_at=None, params=[], never_copyable=False, never_droppable=False, to_hugr=(lambda args, ctx: OpaqueBool))
New: OpaqueTypeDef(id=(DefId.fresh()), name='bool', defined_at=None, params=[], never_copyable=False, never_droppable=False, to_hugr=(lambda args, ctx: ht.Bool))

[github-actions]

Bencher Report

Branch	ts/future-measure
Testbed	Linux

Click to view all benchmark results

Benchmark	hugr_bytes	Benchmark Result bytes x 1e3 (Result Δ%)	Upper Boundary bytes x 1e3 (Limit %)	hugr_nodes	Benchmark Result nodes (Result Δ%)	Upper Boundary nodes (Limit %)
tests/benchmarks/test_big_array.py::test_big_array_compile	📈 view plot 🚷 view threshold	158.28 x 1e3 (-0.31%) Baseline: 158.77 x 1e3	160.36 x 1e3 (98.71%)	📈 view plot 🚷 view threshold	6,630.00 (-0.17%) Baseline: 6,641.00	6,707.41 (98.85%)
tests/benchmarks/test_ctrl_flow.py::test_many_ctrl_flow_compile	📈 view plot 🚷 view threshold	26.98 x 1e3 (-2.00%) Baseline: 27.53 x 1e3	27.81 x 1e3 (97.02%)	📈 view plot 🚷 view threshold	1,051.00 (-2.14%) Baseline: 1,074.00	1,084.74 (96.89%)
tests/benchmarks/test_queue_push_pop.py::test_queue_push_benchmark_compile	📈 view plot 🚷 view threshold	10.08 x 1e3 (-7.61%) Baseline: 10.91 x 1e3	11.02 x 1e3 (91.48%)	📈 view plot 🚷 view threshold	300.00 (-2.60%) Baseline: 308.00	311.08 (96.44%)
tests/benchmarks/test_queue_push_pop.py::test_queue_push_pop_benchmark_compile	📈 view plot 🚷 view threshold	13.88 x 1e3 (-6.44%) Baseline: 14.84 x 1e3	14.99 x 1e3 (92.64%)	📈 view plot 🚷 view threshold	423.00 (-2.76%) Baseline: 435.00	439.35 (96.28%)

🐰 View full continuous benchmarking report in Bencher

[codspeed-hq]

Congrats! CodSpeed is installed 🎉

🆕 9 new benchmarks were detected.

You will start to see performance impacts in the reports once the benchmarks are run from your default branch.

Detected benchmarks

• test_big_array_compile: 6.1 s
• test_queue_push_benchmark: 1.4 s
• test_queue_push_pop_benchmark_compile: 534.1 ms
• test_queue_push_benchmark_compile: 390.5 ms
• test_import_guppy: 266.2 µs
• test_many_ctrl_flow_compile: 774.7 ms
• test_many_ctrl_flow_check: 318.5 ms
• test_queue_push_pop_benchmark: 1.9 s
• test_big_array_check: 2.9 s

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