[SYNPY-1698] Add CSV data model tutorial

docs/tutorials/python/data_model.md

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+# CSV data model description
+
+The Curator-Extension (formerly Schematic) data model is used to create JSON Schemas for Curator. See [JSON Schema documentation](https://json-schema.org/). This is used for the DCCs that prefer working in a tabular format (CSV) over JSON or LinkML. A data model is created in the format specified below. Then the Curator-Extension in the Synapse Python Client can be used to convert to JSON Schema.
+
+A link will be provided here to documentation for converting CSV data models to JSON Schema in the near future.
+
+## Data model columns
+
+A JSON Schema is made up of one data type(for example a person) and the attributes that describe the data type (for example age and gender). The CSV data model will describe one or more data types. Each row describes either a data type, or an attribute.
+
+Data types:
+
+- must have a unique name in the `Attribute` column
+- must have at least one attribute in the `DependsOn` column
+- may have a value in the `Description` column
+
+Attributes:
+
+- must have a unique name in the `Attribute` column
+- may have all values  for all other columns besides `DependsOn`
+
+The following data model has one data type, `Person`, and that data type has one attribute, `Gender`.
+
+| Attribute | DependsOn |
+|---|---|
+| Person    | "Gender"  |
+| Gender    |           |
+
+Converting the above data model to JSON Schema results in:
+
+```json
+{
+  "description": "TBD",
+  "properties": {
+    "Gender": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Gender"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Attribute
+
+The name of the data type or attribute being described on this line. This should be a unique identifier in the file. For attributes this will be translated as the title in the JSON Schema.
+
+### DependsOn
+
+The set of of attributes this data type has. These must be attributes that exists in this data model. Each attribute will appear in the properties of the JSON Schema. This should be a comma-separated list in quotes. Example: "Patient ID, Sex, Year of Birth, Diagnosis"
+
+### Description
+
+A description of the datatype or attribute. This will be appear as a description in the JSON Schema. If left blank, this will be filled with ‘TBD’.
+
+### Valid Values
+
+Set of possible values for the current attribute. This attribute be an enum in the JSON Schema, with the values here as the enum values. See [enum](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/enum#enumerated-values). This should be a comma-separated list in quotes. Example: "Female, Male, Other"
+
+Data Model:
+
+| Attribute | DependsOn | Valid Values          |
+|---|---|---|
+| Person    | "Gender"  |                       |
+| Gender    |           | "Female, Male, Other" |
+
+JSON Schema output:
+
+```json
+{
+  "description": "TBD",
+  "properties": {
+    "Gender": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Gender",
+      "enum": ["Female", "Male", "Other"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Required
+
+Whether a value must be set for this attribute. This field is boolean, i.e. valid values are ‘TRUE’ and ‘FALSE’. All attributes that are required will appear in the required list in the JSON Schema. See [required](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/object#required).
+
+Data Model:
+
+| Attribute | DependsOn      | Required |
+|---|---|---|
+| Person    | "Gender, Age"  |          |
+| Gender    |                | True     |
+| Age       |                | False    |
+
+JSON Schema output:
+
+```json
+{
+  "description": "TBD",
+  "properties": {
+    "Gender": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Gender",
+    },
+    "Gender": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Age"
+    }
+  },
+  "required": ["Gender"]
+}
+```
+
+### columnType
+
+The data type this of this attribute. See [type](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type).
+
+Must be one of:
+
+- "string"
+- "number"
+- "integer"
+- "boolean"
+- "string_list"
+- "integer_list"
+- "boolean_list"
+
+Data Model:
+
+| Attribute | DependsOn         | columnType  |
+|---|---|---|
+| Person    | "Gender, Assays"  |             |
+| Gender    |                   | string      |
+| Assays    |                   | string_list |
+
+JSON Schema output:
+
+```json
+{
+  "description": "TBD",
+  "properties": {
+    "Gender": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Gender",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "Assays": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Assays",
+      "type": "array",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "string"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Format
+
+The format of this attribute. See [format](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type#format) The type of this attribute must be "string" or "string_list". The value of this column will be appear as the `format` of this attribute in the JSON Schema. Must be one of:
+
+- `date-time`
+- `email`
+- `hostname`
+- `ipv4`
+- `ipv6`
+- `uri`
+- `uri-reference`
+- `uri-template`
+- `json-pointer`
+- `date`
+- `time`
+- `regex`
+- `relative-json-pointer`
+
+Data Model:
+
+| Attribute | DependsOn       | columnType  | Format |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Person    | "Gender, Date"  |             |        |
+| Gender    |                 | string      |        |
+| Date      |                 | string      | date   |
+
+JSON Schema output:
+
+```json
+{
+  "description": "TBD",
+  "properties": {
+    "Gender": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Gender",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "Date": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Date",
+      "type": "string",
+      "format": "date"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Pattern
+
+The regex pattern this attribute match. The type of this attribute must be `string` or `string_list`. See [pattern](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/regular_expressions#regular-expressions) The value of this column will be appear as the `pattern` of this attribute in the JSON Schema. Must be a legal regex pattern as determined by the python `re` library.
+
+Data Model:
+
+| Attribute | DependsOn     | columnType  | Pattern |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Person    | "Gender, ID"  |             |         |
+| Gender    |               | string      |         |
+| ID        |               | string      | [a-f]   |
+
+JSON Schema output:
+
+```json
+{
+  "description": "TBD",
+  "properties": {
+    "Gender": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Gender",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "ID": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "ID",
+      "type": "string",
+      "pattern": "[a-f]"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Minimum/Maximum
+
+The range of numeric values this attribute must be in.  The type of this attribute must be "integer", "number", or "integer_list". See [range](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/numeric#range)  The value of these columns will be appear as the `minimum` and `maximum` of this attribute in the JSON Schema. Both must be numeric values.
+
+Data Model:
+
+| Attribute  | DependsOn                  | columnType  | Minimum | Maximum |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| Person     | "Age, Weight, Expression"  |             |         |         |
+| Age        |                            | integer     | 0       | 120     |
+| Weight     |                            | number      | 0.0     |         |
+| Expression |                            | number      | 0.0     | 1.0     |
+
+JSON Schema output:
+
+```json
+{
+  "description": "TBD",
+  "properties": {
+    "Age": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Age",
+      "type": "integer",
+      "minimum": 0,
+      "maximum": 120
+    },
+    "Weight": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Weight",
+      "type": "number",
+      "minimum": 0.0
+    },
+    "Expression": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Expression",
+      "type": "number",
+      "minimum": 0.0,
+      "maximum": 1.0
+    },
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Validation Rules (deprecated)
+
+This a remnant from Schematic. t is still used(for now) to translate certain validation rules to other JSONSchema key words. If you are starting a new data model do not use it. If you have an existing data model using any of the following validation rules, follow these instructions to update it:
+
+- `list`: Make sure you are using one of the list-types in the `columnType` column.
+- `regex`: `regex <module> <pattern>`, move the `<pattern>` to the `Pattern` column.
+- `inRange`: `inRange <minimum> <maximum>`, move the `<minimum>` and/or the `<maximum>` to the `Minimum` and `Maximum` columns respectively.
+- `date`: Use the `Format` column with value `date`
+- `url`: Use the `Format` column with value `uri`
+
+## Conditional dependencies
+
+The ‘DependsOn’ and ‘Valid Values’ columns can be used together to flexibly define conditional logic for determining the relevant attributes for a data type.
+
+Data Model:
+
+| Attribute      | DependsOn                      | Valid Values                 | Required |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Patient        | "Diagnosis, Cancer"            |                              |          |
+| Diagnosis      |                                | "Healthy, Cancer"            | True     |
+| Cancer         | "Cancer Type, Family History"  | "Cancer Type, Family History"|          |
+| Cancer Type    |                                | "Brain, Lung, Skin"          | True     |
+| Family History |                                |                              | True     |
+
+To demonstrate this, see the above example with the `Patient` and `Cancer` data types. Because we want to also know the `Cancer Type` and `Family History` for cancer patients (but not for healthy patients), `Healthy, Cancer` are valid values for `Diagnosis`. (Note `Cancer` is both a valid value and a data type.) `Cancer` has two required attributes, `Cancer Type`, and `Family History`.
+
+As a result `Patient` data should include the columns `Diagnosis`, `Cancer Type`, and `Family History`, but the last two columns would only be required if `Diagnosis` is set to `Cancer` for a given patient. (and if the ‘Required’ column is set to true for these two attributes). The conditional logic may define an arbitrary number of branching paths. For instance, in the above example, we could require a `Brain Biopsy Site` attribute if `Cancer Type` is set to `Brain`.
+
+The resulting JSON Schema:
+
+```JSON
+{
+  "description": "TBD",
+  "properties": {
+    "Diagnosis": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "enum": ["Cancer", "Healthy"],
+      "title": "Diagnosis"
+    },
+    "Cancer Type": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "enum": ["Breast","Lung","Skin"],
+      "title": "Cancer Type"
+    },
+    "Family History": {
+      "description": "TBD",
+      "title": "Family History"
+    }
+  },
+  "required": ["Diagnosis"],
+  "allOf": [
+    {
+      "if": {
+        "properties": {
+          "Diagnosis": {
+            "enum": [
+              "Cancer"
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "then": {
+        "required": ["Cancer Type", "FamilyHistory"]
+      }
+    },
+  ]
+}
+```