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14 changes: 7 additions & 7 deletions docs/source/more/faq.md
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(faq)=
# FAQs

## What is AMPL?
## What is AMPL

1. AMPL is a modelling language for describing production, distribution, blending, scheduling and many other kinds of problems known generally as large-scale optimization or mathematical programming.

Expand All @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@

4. **You can use AMPL for free** with open-source solvers with a [Community Edition License](https://ampl.com/ce/) for personal, academic, or commercial prototyping purposes using [AMPL APIs](../ampl/apis.rst). You can also start 30-day trials for individual commercial solvers. We also offer a few other free licenses for you to [start for free now](https://ampl.com/start-free-now/).

## How to install AMPL?
## How to Install AMPL

After downloading your AMPL & Solvers bundle from the [AMPL Portal](https://portal.ampl.com),
please follow the instructions below that correspond to your operating system:
Expand All @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ please follow the instructions below that correspond to your operating system:
- [macOS](../ampl/install.md#macos)

(cloud_licenses)=
## How do cloud licenses work?
## How do Cloud Licenses Work

Instead of using long term licenses that require static hardware we use short-term leases which give the flexibility of moving the license between different machines or containers.

Expand All @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ If everything is ok with the request, a new lease is returned in the response an

Even though this mechanism was designed with Docker containers in mind, it also works natively on Windows and macOS virtual and physical machines too. The only requirement is an internet connection.

### Which information is collected?
### Which Information is Collected?

The fingerprint information sent in each request includes among other details the following:
- number of CPU cores on the underlying machine
Expand All @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ If a license is exceeding its limitations for long periods of time users are the

You can check the status of AMPL cloud services at <https://status.ampl.com/>.

## How to use AMPL with Docker containers?
## How to Use AMPL with Docker Containers

AMPL can be easily used on [Docker containers](https://www.docker.com/):

Expand All @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ In this example, we use the image [`python:3.9-slim-bullseye`](https://hub.docke

In the example above we used a Python container, for other options see [AMPL on Docker Containers](ampl_docker).

## How to add AMPL installation directory to PATH/Path?
## How to Add AMPL Installation Directory to PATH/Path?

### Windows

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ os.environ["PATH"] += os.pathsep + "/complete/path/to/ampl/installation/director

Note: on Windows you should replace `"PATH"` by `"Path"`.

## Other help resources
## Other Help Resources

```{toctree}
../help/index
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144 changes: 68 additions & 76 deletions docs/source/more/new.md
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Expand Up @@ -41,14 +41,79 @@ Get your free license at: **<https://ampl.com/ce>**
- [It works with Docker Containers and Cloud Functions (e.g., AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, etc.)](ampl_docker)
- Since it is a [cloud license](cloud_licenses) it can be used on continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) platforms.

## Using AMPL in Google Colab, Kaggle, and similar platforms
## Using AMPL in Google Colab, Kaggle, and Similar Platforms

We have a set of Jupyter Notebooks available on our [Model Colaboratory](https://ampl.com/colab/).

You can use our template (<https://ampl.com/colab/tags/template.html>)
as a starting point. Our cloud licenses, including AMPL CE licenses, work on all cloud platforms.

## Snapshot feature (save and restore AMPL sessions)
## Enhanced Solver Drivers with Automatic Reformulations

We have released new [MP-Based](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html) solver
drivers for [Gurobi](../solvers/gurobi/index.md), [CPLEX](../solvers/cplex/index.md), [XPRESS](../solvers/xpress/index.md), [COPT](../solvers/copt/index.md), [MOSEK](../solvers/mosek/index.md),
[BARON](../solvers/baron/index.md), among others. They are included in the [AMPL distribution bundle](https://portal.ampl.com).

The new solver drivers have the following features:

- Full support of logical expressions and constraints, as described in the AMPL page on Logic and Constraint Programming Extensions.
- Algebraic expressions beyond linear and quadratic.
- Choice between conversions in the driver vs. native solver support.

[[Modeling Guide](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html)]

### New AMPL-Solver Interface Library

We're rolling out a new AMPL-solver interface library that significantly
expands the range of model expressions that can be used with popular
solvers.

Modeling languages aim to let you describe
optimization models to a computer in much the same way that you describe
models to other people. The newly extended ["MP" interface](https://github.com/ampl/mp)
brings AMPL closer to this goal, by allowing expanded use of a variety of convenient
expressions in objectives and constraints. Notable examples include:

- Conditional operators: `if-then-else`; `==>`, `<==`, `<==>`
- Logical operators: `or`, `and`, `not`; `exists`, `forall`
- Piecewise linear functions: `abs`; `min`, `max`; `<<breakpoints;slopes>>`
- Counting operators: `count`; `atmost`, `atleast`, `exactly`; `numberof`
- Comparison operators: `>`, `<`, `!=`; `alldiff`

These operators can be applied to general forms of AMPL expressions, and
thus can be used together in objective and constraint specifications. The
new interface also helps solvers to accept nonlinear operators (`*`, `/`, `^`) in
a broader variety of circumstances.

A public [MP Library repository](https://github.com/ampl/mp) on GitHub links to a [modeling guide](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html) and
documentation of the source code. See also the slides from our presentation
of the new interface at this summer's [EURO and ICCOPT conferences](../TALKS/2022_07_Bethlehem_Fourer.pdf).

### New Solvers

The first implementations using the MP interface library are
now available in our regular distributions through the [AMPL Portal](https://portal.ampl.com/).

An entirely new MP-based interface greatly expands the variety of AMPL
expressions that can be used with the [Gurobi](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/gurobi/) solver. The new implementation uses the solver's native "generalized
constraints" where possible, but can be switched to use alternative
transformations built into MP. Common univariate nonlinear functions (`exp`,
`log`; `sin`, `cos`, `tan`) are also supported, using Gurobi's native
piecewise-linear approximation facilities.

Two relatively new linear/quadratic MIP solvers -- [COPT](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/copt/) and [HiGHS](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source/) -- are now
also supported by AMPL, exclusively through the MP interface. Both are in
active development and appear in recent benchmark listings. COPT, a product
of Cardinal Operations, has joined the lineup of commercial solvers that we
distribute. HiGHS, a free open-source solver, has evolved from a project at
the University of Edinburgh. They appear as "copt" and "highs" in AMPL
distributions.

Currently supported MIP solvers such as [Xpress](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/xpress/) and [CPLEX](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/cplex/) are also planned to
have versions with the new interface. Also we will soon be distributing the
*MOSEK* solver with an MP interface.

## Snapshot Feature (Save and Restore AMPL Sessions)

In your AMPL bundle you should find `x-ampl`, the development version of AMPL where experimental features are enabled. One of such features is the snapshot command which allows saving the AMPL session in such a way that you can restore the state of AMPL using it.

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -129,80 +194,7 @@ FISH 0
```
The snapshot feature is not finished and it is still being perfected. If you encounter any issues, please let us know.

## Enhanced solver drivers: gurobi, copt, highs

We have released `gurobi`, the enhanced
[AMPL-Gurobi](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/gurobi/)
interface, `copt`, an interface to [Cardinal Optimizer](https://www.shanshu.ai/copt),
and `highs`, an interface to [HiGHS](https://highs.dev/).
They are included in the [AMPL distribution bundle](https://portal.ampl.com).

The drivers have the following features:

- Full support of logical expressions and constraints, as described in the AMPL page on Logic and Constraint Programming Extensions.
- Algebraic expressions beyond linear and quadratic.
- Choice between conversions in the driver vs. native solver support.

[[Modeling Guide](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html)] [[gurobi options](../solvers/gurobi/options.md)] [[copt options](../solvers/copt/options.md)] [[highs options](../solvers/highs/options.md)]

## New AMPL-solver interface library

We're rolling out a new AMPL-solver interface library that significantly
expands the range of model expressions that can be used with popular
solvers. Initially, the new library is being used to implement AMPL
interfaces to two notable new solvers, [COPT](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/copt/) and [HiGHS](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source/), and to provide
greatly enhanced support for [Gurobi's](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/gurobi/) generalized constraints. Extensions to
other solvers will be released soon.

### NEW SOLVER INTERFACE

Modeling languages aim to let you describe
optimization models to a computer in much the same way that you describe
models to other people. The newly extended ["MP" interface](https://github.com/ampl/mp)
brings AMPL closer to this goal, by allowing expanded use of a variety of convenient
expressions in objectives and constraints. Notable examples include:

- Conditional operators: `if-then-else`; `==>`, `<==`, `<==>`
- Logical operators: `or`, `and`, `not`; `exists`, `forall`
- Piecewise linear functions: `abs`; `min`, `max`; `<<breakpoints;slopes>>`
- Counting operators: `count`; `atmost`, `atleast`, `exactly`; `numberof`
- Comparison operators: `>`, `<`, `!=`; `alldiff`

These operators can be applied to general forms of AMPL expressions, and
thus can be used together in objective and constraint specifications. The
new interface also helps solvers to accept nonlinear operators (`*`, `/`, `^`) in
a broader variety of circumstances.

A public [MP Library repository](https://github.com/ampl/mp) on GitHub links to a [modeling guide](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html) and
documentation of the source code. See also the slides from our presentation
of the new interface at this summer's [EURO and ICCOPT conferences](https://ampl.com/MEETINGS/TALKS/2022_07_Bethlehem_Fourer.pdf), or attend
updated presentations at the [INFORMS Annual Meeting, October 15-19](https://ampl.com/resources/informs-annual-2022/).

### NEW SOLVERS

The first implementations using the MP interface library are
now available in our regular distributions through the [AMPL Portal](https://portal.ampl.com/).

An entirely new MP-based interface greatly expands the variety of AMPL
expressions that can be used with the [Gurobi](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/gurobi/) solver. The new implementation uses the solver's native "generalized
constraints" where possible, but can be switched to use alternative
transformations built into MP. Common univariate nonlinear functions (`exp`,
`log`; `sin`, `cos`, `tan`) are also supported, using Gurobi's native
piecewise-linear approximation facilities.

Two relatively new linear/quadratic MIP solvers -- [COPT](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/copt/) and [HiGHS](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source/) -- are now
also supported by AMPL, exclusively through the MP interface. Both are in
active development and appear in recent benchmark listings. COPT, a product
of Cardinal Operations, has joined the lineup of commercial solvers that we
distribute. HiGHS, a free open-source solver, has evolved from a project at
the University of Edinburgh. They appear as "copt" and "highs" in AMPL
distributions.

Currently supported MIP solvers such as [Xpress](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/xpress/) and [CPLEX](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/cplex/) are also planned to
have versions with the new interface. Also we will soon be distributing the
*MOSEK* solver with an MP interface.

## Using remote solvers from NEOS with gokestrel
## Using Remote Solvers from NEOS with gokestrel

To simplify the work of comparing and testing solvers, we have made AMPL and solver resources available online in collaboration with the [NEOS Server](https://www.neos-server.org/) project, under the auspices of the [Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery](https://www.discovery.wisc.edu/) at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

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13 changes: 6 additions & 7 deletions docs/source/solvers/baron/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -6,13 +6,12 @@ BARON is a general nonlinear optimizer capable of solving nonconvex optimization

An experimental version of the driver, BARONMP, supports the extended modeling capabilities of the [MP library](https://mp.ampl.com/).

[[Read More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/baron/)]
[[Options](options.md)]
[[BARONMP Options](baronmp.md)]
[[Changes](changes.md)]
[[BARONMP Changes](changesmp.md)]
[[Download BARON and BARONMP](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/baron)]
[[Start a BARON Trial](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/request/amplce/trial?solver=baron)]
[Learn More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/baron/)
| [Options](options.md)
| [BARONMP Options](baronmp.md)
| [Changes](changes.md)
| [Download BARON](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/baron)
| [Start a BARON Trial Now!](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/request/amplce/trial?solver=baron)

## How to use it

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13 changes: 8 additions & 5 deletions docs/source/solvers/bonmin/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ where `f(x): R^n --> R`, `g(x): R^n --> R^m` are twice continuously differentiab

The algorithms in Bonmin are exact when the functions `f` and `g` are convex; in the case where `f` or `g` or both are non-convex they are heuristics.

[[Read More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source-solvers/)]
[[Options](#solver-options)]
[[Download BONMIN](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/coin)]
[Learn More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source-solvers/)
| [Options](#solver-options)
| [Download BONMIN](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/coin)

## How to use it

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -74,8 +74,11 @@ The algorithms in Bonmin are exact when the functions `f` and `g` are convex; in

## Resources

* [Solver options](#solver-options)
* [Solve result codes](#retrieving-solutions)
- [BONMIN](#bonmin)
- [How to use it](#how-to-use-it)
- [Resources](#resources)
- [Solver options](#solver-options)
- [Retrieving solutions](#retrieving-solutions)

## Solver options

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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions docs/source/solvers/cbc/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ The [COIN Branch and Cut solver (CBC)](https://github.com/coin-or/Cbc) is an ope
The framework used by the driver supports automatic reformulation for many expression types; the modeling guide can be
found [here](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html).

[[Read More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source-solvers/)]
[[Modeling guide](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html)]
[[Options](#solver-options)]
[[Changes](changes.md)]
[[Download CBC](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/cbc)]
[Learn More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source-solvers/)
| [Modeling guide](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html)
| [Options](#solver-options)
| [Changes](changes.md)
| [Download CBC](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/cbc)

## How to use it

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Expand Up @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@

A proven choice for highly nonlinear problems, CONOPT’s efficient and reliable multi-method architecture handles a broad range of models. Specialized techniques achieve feasibility quickly, while powerful preprocessing tools reduce problem size and suggest formulation improvements.

[[Read More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/conopt/)]
[[Options](options.md)]
[[Changes](changes.md)]
[[Download CONOPT](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/conopt)]
[[Start a CONOPT Trial](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/request/amplce/trial?solver=conopt)]
[Learn More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/conopt/)
| [Options](options.md)
| [Changes](changes.md)
| [Download CONOPT](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/conopt)
| [Start a CONOPT Trial Now!](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/request/amplce/trial?solver=conopt)

## How to use it

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12 changes: 6 additions & 6 deletions docs/source/solvers/copt/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ The framework used by the driver supports automatic reformulation for many expre
found [here](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html).


[[Read More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/copt/)]
[[Modeling guide](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html)]
[[Options](#solver-options)]
[[Changes](changes.md)]
[[Download COPT](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/copt)]
[[Start a COPT Trial](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/request/amplce/trial?solver=copt)]
[Learn More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/copt/)
| [Modeling guide](https://mp.ampl.com/model-guide.html)
| [Options](#solver-options)
| [Changes](changes.md)
| [Download COPT](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/copt)
| [Start a COPT Trial Now!](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/request/amplce/trial?solver=copt)

## How to use it

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13 changes: 8 additions & 5 deletions docs/source/solvers/couenne/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@

The [COIN Couenne solver (COUENNE, Convex Over and Under ENvelopes for Nonlinear Estimation)](https://github.com/coin-or/Couenne) is a spatial branch & bound algorithm that implements linearization, bound reduction, and branching techniques for Mixed-integer, Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problems. The purpose of Couenne is to find global optima of nonconvex MINLPs.

[[Read More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source-solvers/)]
[[Options](#solver-options)]
[[Download COUENNE](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/coin)]
[Learn More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source-solvers/)
| [Options](#solver-options)
| [Download COUENNE](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/coin)

## How to use it

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -62,8 +62,11 @@ The [COIN Couenne solver (COUENNE, Convex Over and Under ENvelopes for Nonlinear

## Resources

* [Solver options](#solver-options)
* [Solve result codes](#retrieving-solutions)
- [COUENNE](#couenne)
- [How to use it](#how-to-use-it)
- [Resources](#resources)
- [Solver options](#solver-options)
- [Retrieving solutions](#retrieving-solutions)

## Solver options

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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions docs/source/solvers/cplex/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@

IBM ILOG CPLEX has been a well known and widely used large-scale solver for over three decades. Its efficiency and robustness have been demonstrated through varied applications in thousands of commercial installations worldwide.

[[Read More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/cplex/)]
[[Options](#solver-options)]
[[Changes](changes.md)]
[[Download CPLEX](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/cplex)]
[[Start a CPLEX Trial](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/request/amplce/trial?solver=cplex)]
[Learn More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/solvers-we-sell/cplex/)
| [Options](#solver-options)
| [Changes](changes.md)
| [Download CPLEX](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/cplex)
| [Start a CPLEX Trial Now!](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/request/amplce/trial?solver=cplex)

## How to use it

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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions docs/source/solvers/gcg/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ branch-price-and-cut algorithm to solve it to optimality. Alternatively,
GCG is able to automatically apply a Benders decomposition.
No user interaction is necessary, thus GCG provides decomposition-based MIP solving technology to everyone.

[[Read More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source-solvers/)]
[[GCG modeling guide](#gcg-modeling-guide)]
[[Options](#solver-options)]
[[Changes](changes.md)]
[[Download GCG](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/gcg)]
[Learn More](https://ampl.com/products/solvers/open-source-solvers/)
| [GCG modeling guide](#gcg-modeling-guide)
| [Options](#solver-options)
| [Changes](changes.md)
| [Download GCG](https://portal.ampl.com/user/ampl/download/gcg)

## How to use it

Expand Down
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