dotnet: add support for prerelease versions

[sliekens]

Resolves #1469

This PR adds official support for installing dotnet prereleases by adding -preview or -daily to the version.

New configuration options

Supported configurations for version, additionalVersions, dotnetRuntimeVersions and aspnetCoreRuntimeVersions:

• 10.0-preview
• 10.0-daily

Supported configurations for version and additionalVersions only:

• 10.0.1xx-preview
• 10.0.1xx-daily

I believe this change is fully backwards compatible.

Importantly, this syntax will always give you a prerelease version, even if a newer GA version is available. For example, a version spec like "8.0.1xx-preview" gives you a release candidate build of 8.0.0 (8.0.100-rc.2.23502.2) while the latest GA is 8.0.19.

"features": {
    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/dotnet:2": {
        "version": "10.0-preview",
        "additionalVersions": "10.0.1xx-daily",
        "dotnetRuntimeVersions": "10.0-daily",
        "aspnetCoreRuntimeVersions": "10.0-daily"
    }
}

High level implementation

1. Updated the vendor script (dotnet-install.sh) to the latest version from https://dot.net/v1/dotnet-install.sh
2. Added a function parse_version_and_quality() which converts version specs to a version with a quality
   • "10.0-preview" => "10.0 preview"
   • "10.0-daily" => "10.0 daily"
   • "10.0" => "10.0 GA"
   • "10.0.1xx" => "10.0.1xx GA"
   • "10.0.100" => "10.0.100"
     • (no quality because it is an exact version spec)
3. read -r is used to split the strings above into variables clean_version and quality
4. Updated install_sdk and install_runtime to take an optional quality argument and pass it on to the dotnet-install.sh script
5. Fixed an issue where an empty --channel could be passed to the dotnet-install script (which worked but was certainly weird)
6. Bumped feature version 2.3.0 to 2.4.0

Tests

For testing, I added two new test scenarios:

• install_dotnet_preview: tests for 10.0-preview and 10.0.1xx-preview
• install_dotnet_daily: tests for 10.0-daily and 10.0.1xx-daily

Changes to existing test cases:

• install_dotnet_multiple_versions: change 10.0-preview to 10.0 to ensure this also still works
• install_dotnet_multiple_versions_preview: removed because it is now redundant

Documentation

• Added new configuration option suggestions to devcontainer-feature.json.
• Added configuration examples to NOTES.md

Remarks

Note that "version": "10.0" currently resolves to a preview version, but this is an implementation detail of the underlying dotnet-install script and the expectation is that it will resolve to a GA build some time in November.

[sliekens]

cc @Kaniska244 @eljog @AlvaroRausell

[sliekens]

Friendly bump

This is ready for review