fix: Nx.Defn.Expr will now promote constants based on the surrounding non-constant tensors for binary operations

nx/lib/nx/defn/expr.ex

@@ -1468,16 +1468,42 @@ defmodule Nx.Defn.Expr do
     c1 = maybe_constant(arg1)
     c2 = maybe_constant(arg2)
 
-    if c1 && c2 do
-      apply(Nx.BinaryBackend, op, [
-        %{out | shape: {}, names: []},
-        constant_binary(arg1, c1),
-        constant_binary(arg2, c2)
-      ])
-      |> Nx.to_number()
-      |> then(&constant(out, &1))
+    cond do
+      c1 && c2 ->
+        apply(Nx.BinaryBackend, op, [
+          %{out | shape: {}, names: []},
+          constant_binary(arg1, c1),
+          constant_binary(arg2, c2)
+        ])
+        |> Nx.to_number()
+        |> then(&constant(out, &1))
+
+      c1 ->
+        expr(out, context, op, [maybe_upcast_float_constant(arg1, out.type), arg2])
+
+      c2 ->
+        expr(out, context, op, [arg1, maybe_upcast_float_constant(arg2, out.type)])
+
+      true ->
+        expr(out, context, op, [arg1, arg2])
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp maybe_upcast_float_constant(
+         %T{type: type, data: %Expr{op: :constant, args: [number]}} = t,
+         out_type
+       ) do
+    # By default, Elixir floats are 64 bits, so we're not really upcasting
+    # if out_type is higher precision than what's annotated.
+    # This is just so that downstream code that relies on this type annotation
+    # properly interprets the f64 value as the higher precision type.
+    # This also means that if out_type is lower precision, `number` will be
+    # downcast to the lower precision type.
+
+    if Nx.Type.float?(type) and Nx.Type.float?(out_type) do
+      constant(%{t | type: out_type}, number)
     else
-      expr(out, context, op, [arg1, arg2])
+      t
     end
   end
 

nx/lib/nx/type.ex

@@ -373,7 +373,9 @@ defmodule Nx.Type do
   bits. Otherwise it casts to f64.
 
   In the case of complex numbers, the maximum bit size is 128 bits
-  because they are composed of two floats.
+  because they are composed of two floats. Float types are promoted
+  to c64 by default, with the exception of f64, which is promoted to
+  c128 so that a single component can represent an f64 number properly.
 
   ## Examples
 
@@ -429,8 +431,15 @@ defmodule Nx.Type do
       iex> Nx.Type.merge({:f, 64}, {:bf, 16})
       {:f, 64}
 
+      iex> Nx.Type.merge({:f, 16}, {:c, 64})
+      {:c, 64}
+      iex> Nx.Type.merge({:f, 32}, {:c, 64})
+      {:c, 64}
+      iex> Nx.Type.merge({:f, 64}, {:c, 64})
+      {:c, 128}
       iex> Nx.Type.merge({:c, 64}, {:f, 32})
       {:c, 64}
+
       iex> Nx.Type.merge({:c, 64}, {:c, 64})
       {:c, 64}
       iex> Nx.Type.merge({:c, 128}, {:c, 64})
@@ -443,6 +452,7 @@ defmodule Nx.Type do
   def merge(left, right) do
     case sort(left, right) do
       {{:u, size1}, {:s, size2}} -> {:s, max(min(size1 * 2, 64), size2)}
+      {{:f, size1}, {:c, size2}} -> {:c, max(size1 * 2, size2)}
       {_, type2} -> type2
     end
   end

nx/test/nx/defn/expr_test.exs

@@ -198,6 +198,29 @@ defmodule Nx.Defn.ExprTest do
                c = metadata b, :stop_grad                     s32[1]
              """
     end
+
+    test "upcast float constants when operating against higher precision types" do
+      t_f32 = Nx.tensor([2, 2], type: :f32) |> Expr.tensor()
+      c_f64 = Expr.constant(Nx.tensor(0.7, type: :f64), 0.7, [])
+
+      assert %T{type: {:f, 64}, data: %Expr{op: :multiply, args: [^c_f64, ^t_f32]}} =
+               Nx.multiply(t_f32, c_f64)
+
+      t_f64 = Nx.tensor([2, 2], type: :f64) |> Expr.tensor()
+      c_f32 = Expr.constant(Nx.tensor(0.7, type: :f32), 0.7, [])
+
+      assert %T{type: {:f, 64}, data: %Expr{op: :multiply, args: [^c_f64, ^t_f64]}} =
+               Nx.multiply(t_f64, c_f32)
+
+      c_c64 = Expr.constant(Nx.tensor(0.7, type: :c64), 0.7, [])
+      c_c128 = Expr.constant(Nx.tensor(0.7, type: :c128), 0.7, [])
+
+      assert %T{type: {:c, 64}, data: %Expr{op: :multiply, args: [^c_c64, ^t_f32]}} =
+               Nx.multiply(t_f32, c_c64)
+
+      assert %T{type: {:c, 128}, data: %Expr{op: :multiply, args: [^c_c128, ^t_f64]}} =
+               Nx.multiply(t_f64, c_c64)
+    end
   end
 
   describe "inspect" do