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zabbix Installation Guide

zabbix is a free and open-source enterprise-class monitoring solution. Zabbix provides comprehensive monitoring for networks, servers, and applications, serving as an open-source alternative to Nagios, PRTG, or SolarWinds

Table of Contents

  1. Prerequisites
  2. Supported Operating Systems
  3. Installation
  4. Configuration
  5. Service Management
  6. Troubleshooting
  7. Security Considerations
  8. Performance Tuning
  9. Backup and Restore
  10. System Requirements
  11. Support
  12. Contributing
  13. License
  14. Acknowledgments
  15. Version History
  16. Appendices

1. Prerequisites

  • Hardware Requirements:
    • CPU: 2+ cores recommended
    • RAM: 2GB minimum (8GB+ for large deployments)
    • Storage: 10GB+ for metrics
    • Network: Agent and SNMP connectivity
  • Operating System:
    • Linux: Any modern distribution (RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, Arch, Alpine, openSUSE)
    • macOS: 10.14+ (Mojave or newer)
    • Windows: Windows Server 2016+ or Windows 10
    • FreeBSD: 11.0+
  • Network Requirements:
    • Port 10051 (default zabbix port)
    • Port 10050 for agents
  • Dependencies:
    • See official documentation for specific requirements
  • System Access: root or sudo privileges required

2. Supported Operating Systems

This guide supports installation on:

  • RHEL 8/9 and derivatives (CentOS Stream, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux)
  • Debian 11/12
  • Ubuntu 20.04/22.04/24.04 LTS
  • Arch Linux (rolling release)
  • Alpine Linux 3.18+
  • openSUSE Leap 15.5+ / Tumbleweed
  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 15+
  • macOS 12+ (Monterey and later)
  • FreeBSD 13+
  • Windows 10/11/Server 2019+ (where applicable)

3. Installation

RHEL/CentOS/Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux

# Install EPEL repository if needed
sudo dnf install -y epel-release

# Install zabbix
sudo dnf install -y zabbix-server

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now zabbix-server

# Configure firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10051/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Verify installation
zabbix_server --version

Debian/Ubuntu

# Update package index
sudo apt update

# Install zabbix
sudo apt install -y zabbix-server

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now zabbix-server

# Configure firewall
sudo ufw allow 10051

# Verify installation
zabbix_server --version

Arch Linux

# Install zabbix
sudo pacman -S zabbix-server

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now zabbix-server

# Verify installation
zabbix_server --version

Alpine Linux

# Install zabbix
apk add --no-cache zabbix-server

# Enable and start service
rc-update add zabbix-server default
rc-service zabbix-server start

# Verify installation
zabbix_server --version

openSUSE/SLES

# Install zabbix
sudo zypper install -y zabbix-server

# Enable and start service
sudo systemctl enable --now zabbix-server

# Configure firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10051/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Verify installation
zabbix_server --version

macOS

# Using Homebrew
brew install zabbix-server

# Start service
brew services start zabbix-server

# Verify installation
zabbix_server --version

FreeBSD

# Using pkg
pkg install zabbix-server

# Enable in rc.conf
echo 'zabbix-server_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf

# Start service
service zabbix-server start

# Verify installation
zabbix_server --version

Windows

# Using Chocolatey
choco install zabbix-server

# Or using Scoop
scoop install zabbix-server

# Verify installation
zabbix_server --version

Initial Configuration

Basic Configuration

# Create configuration directory
sudo mkdir -p /etc/zabbix-server

# Set up basic configuration
# See official documentation for detailed configuration options

# Test configuration
zabbix_server --version

5. Service Management

systemd (RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu, Arch, openSUSE)

# Enable service
sudo systemctl enable zabbix-server

# Start service
sudo systemctl start zabbix-server

# Stop service
sudo systemctl stop zabbix-server

# Restart service
sudo systemctl restart zabbix-server

# Check status
sudo systemctl status zabbix-server

# View logs
sudo journalctl -u zabbix-server -f

OpenRC (Alpine Linux)

# Enable service
rc-update add zabbix-server default

# Start service
rc-service zabbix-server start

# Stop service
rc-service zabbix-server stop

# Restart service
rc-service zabbix-server restart

# Check status
rc-service zabbix-server status

rc.d (FreeBSD)

# Enable in /etc/rc.conf
echo 'zabbix-server_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf

# Start service
service zabbix-server start

# Stop service
service zabbix-server stop

# Restart service
service zabbix-server restart

# Check status
service zabbix-server status

launchd (macOS)

# Using Homebrew services
brew services start zabbix-server
brew services stop zabbix-server
brew services restart zabbix-server

# Check status
brew services list | grep zabbix-server

Windows Service Manager

# Start service
net start zabbix-server

# Stop service
net stop zabbix-server

# Using PowerShell
Start-Service zabbix-server
Stop-Service zabbix-server
Restart-Service zabbix-server

# Check status
Get-Service zabbix-server

Advanced Configuration

See the official documentation for advanced configuration options.

Reverse Proxy Setup

nginx Configuration

upstream zabbix-server_backend {
    server 127.0.0.1:10051;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name zabbix-server.example.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name zabbix-server.example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/zabbix-server.example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/zabbix-server.example.com.key;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://zabbix-server_backend;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

Apache Configuration

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName zabbix-server.example.com
    Redirect permanent / https://zabbix-server.example.com/
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName zabbix-server.example.com
    
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/zabbix-server.example.com.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/zabbix-server.example.com.key
    
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPreserveHost On
    
    ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:10051/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:10051/
</VirtualHost>

HAProxy Configuration

frontend zabbix-server_frontend
    bind *:80
    bind *:443 ssl crt /etc/ssl/certs/zabbix-server.pem
    redirect scheme https if !{ ssl_fc }
    default_backend zabbix-server_backend

backend zabbix-server_backend
    balance roundrobin
    server zabbix-server1 127.0.0.1:10051 check

Security Configuration

Basic Security Setup

# Set appropriate permissions
sudo chown -R zabbix-server:zabbix-server /etc/zabbix-server
sudo chmod 750 /etc/zabbix-server

# Configure firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10051/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# Enable SELinux policies (if applicable)
sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect on

Database Setup

See official documentation for database configuration requirements.

Performance Optimization

System Tuning

# Basic system tuning
echo 'net.core.somaxconn = 65535' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo sysctl -p

Monitoring

Basic Monitoring

# Check service status
sudo systemctl status zabbix-server

# View logs
sudo journalctl -u zabbix-server -f

# Monitor resource usage
top -p $(pgrep zabbix-server)

9. Backup and Restore

Backup Script

#!/bin/bash
# Basic backup script
BACKUP_DIR="/backup/zabbix-server"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)

mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/zabbix-server-backup-$DATE.tar.gz" /etc/zabbix-server /var/lib/zabbix-server

echo "Backup completed: $BACKUP_DIR/zabbix-server-backup-$DATE.tar.gz"

Restore Procedure

# Stop service
sudo systemctl stop zabbix-server

# Restore from backup
tar -xzf /backup/zabbix-server/zabbix-server-backup-*.tar.gz -C /

# Start service
sudo systemctl start zabbix-server

6. Troubleshooting

Common Issues

  1. Service won't start:
# Check logs
sudo journalctl -u zabbix-server -n 100
sudo tail -f /var/log/zabbix-server/zabbix-server.log

# Check configuration
zabbix_server --version

# Check permissions
ls -la /etc/zabbix-server
  1. Connection issues:
# Check if service is listening
sudo ss -tlnp | grep 10051

# Test connectivity
telnet localhost 10051

# Check firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all
  1. Performance issues:
# Check resource usage
top -p $(pgrep zabbix-server)

# Check disk I/O
iotop -p $(pgrep zabbix-server)

# Check connections
ss -an | grep 10051

Integration Examples

Docker Compose Example

version: '3.8'
services:
  zabbix-server:
    image: zabbix-server:latest
    ports:
      - "10051:10051"
    volumes:
      - ./config:/etc/zabbix-server
      - ./data:/var/lib/zabbix-server
    restart: unless-stopped

Maintenance

Update Procedures

# RHEL/CentOS/Rocky/AlmaLinux
sudo dnf update zabbix-server

# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade zabbix-server

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -Syu zabbix-server

# Alpine Linux
apk update && apk upgrade zabbix-server

# openSUSE
sudo zypper update zabbix-server

# FreeBSD
pkg update && pkg upgrade zabbix-server

# Always backup before updates
tar -czf /backup/zabbix-server-pre-update-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /etc/zabbix-server

# Restart after updates
sudo systemctl restart zabbix-server

Regular Maintenance

# Log rotation
sudo logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/zabbix-server

# Clean old logs
find /var/log/zabbix-server -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete

# Check disk usage
du -sh /var/lib/zabbix-server

Additional Resources

Note: This guide is part of the HowToMgr collection. Always refer to official documentation for the most up-to-date information.

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Repo for zabbix-server

github.com/howtomgr/zabbix-server

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WTFPL license
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