Refactor MESSAGEix-Materials build

[macflo8]

This PR refactors the model building code of MESSAGEix-Materials and updates some parameter sets. It does not alter the model structure of MESSAGEix-Materials.

The following changes have been made:

• Remove deprecated functions and CLI commands
• Add type hints and docstrings to all functions
• Drop .model.material.util pycountry functions in favour of .model.util.pycountry
• Reduce set of parameters with year_act & year_vtg dimension by entries where: $y^A - y^V > \text{technical\_lifetime}$
• Add separate input files for emission factors and relations
• Convert .xlsx input files to .csv
• Move all "other industry" parametrisation functions to .model.material.data_other_industry
• Refactor share_constraints.py

Effective outcome:

• Refactoring reduced build run time by ~35% (~6.5 vs ~4 mins) without power sector build and 75% with power sector build (~16 vs ~4 mins)
• Parameter data set row count of aluminum, cement and steel models reduced by ~40%

How to review

1. Read the diff and note that the CI checks all pass.
2. Look at the materials doc in the ReadTheDocs preview build of the documentation —in particular, the entry in “What's New” and linked entries.
3. Ensure that changes/additions are self-documenting, i.e. that another
   developer (someone like the reviewer) will be able to understand what the code
   does in the future.

PR checklist

• Continuous integration checks all ✅
• Add or expand tests; coverage checks both ✅
• Add, expand, or update documentation.
• Update doc/whatsnew.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 77.08333% with 110 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 73.2%. Comparing base (54fe267) to head (a12464b).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ge_ix_models/model/material/data_other_industry.py	17.3%	38 Missing ⚠️
message_ix_models/model/material/data_generic.py	30.7%	27 Missing ⚠️
...sage_ix_models/model/material/data_power_sector.py	67.9%	17 Missing ⚠️
...sage_ix_models/model/material/share_constraints.py	72.5%	14 Missing ⚠️
message_ix_models/model/material/build.py	50.0%	6 Missing ⚠️
message_ix_models/model/material/data_steel.py	94.2%	4 Missing ⚠️
message_ix_models/model/material/data_aluminum.py	97.9%	1 Missing ⚠️
message_ix_models/model/material/data_ammonia.py	50.0%	1 Missing ⚠️
message_ix_models/model/material/data_methanol.py	0.0%	1 Missing ⚠️
message_ix_models/model/material/data_petro.py	98.7%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #475     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   69.5%   73.2%   +3.6%     
=======================================
  Files        300     301      +1     
  Lines      24598   24254    -344     
=======================================
+ Hits       17104   17755    +651     
+ Misses      7494    6499    -995     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
message_ix_models/model/material/cli.py	23.5% <100.0%> (-0.5%)	⬇️
message_ix_models/model/material/data_cement.py	95.2% <100.0%> (-0.1%)	⬇️
message_ix_models/model/material/data_util.py	82.5% <100.0%> (+41.0%)	⬆️
...ssage_ix_models/model/material/demand/math_util.py	83.3% <ø> (ø)
message_ix_models/model/material/util.py	80.9% <100.0%> (+6.1%)	⬆️
...ssage_ix_models/tests/model/material/test_build.py	91.3% <100.0%> (ø)
..._models/tests/model/material/test_data_aluminum.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
...ix_models/tests/model/material/test_data_cement.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
..._ix_models/tests/model/material/test_data_petro.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
...els/tests/model/material/test_data_power_sector.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
... and 12 more

... and 5 files with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

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[khaeru]

To make things slightly easier for reviewers:

• Click on the "docs/readthedocs.com:iiasa-energy-program-message-ix-models" link in the list of checks. This goes to https://iiasa-energy-program-message-ix--475.com.readthedocs.build/projects/models/en/475/, the index docs page in the preview build.
• Navigate to https://iiasa-energy-program-message-ix--475.com.readthedocs.build/projects/models/en/475/material/index.html. This is the main page updated by the PR.
• Add the link to the PR description.

[macflo8]

Thanks, @khaeru for adding the links and instructions!
Just for context:
I have started to restructure the existing documentation into several pages in this PR. However the documentation still needs to be updated and extended. I would like to keep the scope of this PR to code refactoring and rather open a separate "Improve material docs" PR next.

[yiyi1991]

Super helpful clean-ups!

(The CommShareConfig class should be even outside the material module and be utilized more often from now on. Another similar ModeShareConfig will be nice to have too. )

[khaeru]

I have started to restructure the existing documentation into several pages in this PR. However the documentation still needs to be updated and extended. I would like to keep the scope of this PR to code refactoring and rather open a separate "Improve material docs" PR next.

OK, understood. I usually start from the What's New and linked docs page as a starting-point to understand changes made in a PR, before going on to the code. But since this is the plan, I will just look at the code/data files directly (hopefully today), and expect they will be documented in another PR.

[macflo8]

I documented the changes of this PR in the docs here:
https://iiasa-energy-program-message-ix--475.com.readthedocs.build/projects/models/en/475/material/v1.2.1.html

I tried to cover most changes of this PR there. The follow-up documentation PR will rather tackle general documentation, as I realized that previous PRs did not comprehensively update/extend the material docs.