fix(scheduler): backport victim-invariant prefilter to v0.9

[enoodle]

Description

Backport the victim-invariant pre-predicate guard to solver-backed actions on v0.9 so reclaim, preempt, and consolidation skip solver work for jobs already blocked by failures that evicting victims cannot fix.

This backport includes:

• the victim-invariant session hook
• predicate classification for missing PVCs, missing required ConfigMaps, and tasks larger than any node
• action-level early skip wiring for reclaim, preempt, and consolidation
• the candidate-only pre-filter cache used by the action guard and normal allocation path
• the release-branch changelog line

This backport intentionally excludes the main-branch design-doc and benchmark-only commits.

Related Issues

Fixes #1502

Checklist

Note: Ensure your PR title follows the Conventional Commits format (e.g., feat(scheduler): add new feature)

• Self-reviewed
• Added/updated tests (if needed)
• Updated documentation (if needed)

Breaking Changes

None.

Additional Notes

Validation:

• go test ./pkg/scheduler/framework ./pkg/scheduler/actions/common ./pkg/scheduler/actions/reclaim ./pkg/scheduler/actions/preempt ./pkg/scheduler/actions/consolidation ./pkg/scheduler/plugins/predicates ./pkg/scheduler/k8s_internal/predicates

Reviewer guidance:

• this is a release-branch backport only
• the branch was cleaned to keep only the scheduler fix stack plus the changelog line
• design-doc and benchmark-only history from the main branch was intentionally not carried here

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