Add test for simulated builtins

[JulianGCalderon]

Add test for simulated builtins

This PR adds an usage example (and test) for the simulated builtins feature.

When a builtin is specified in the layout of the Cairo runner, then:

1. The associated builtin runner is initialized before execution.
2. The builtin segment pointer is passed as an argument to the program.
3. Reading and writing to the builtin segment is automatically managed by the builtin runner.
4. The builtin will be proved by dedicated AIRs after execution.

The PR #1956 introduced a way of using builtins without being specified in the layout. This implies that some of the steps mentioned must me done manually.

1. The simulated builtin runners must be initialized manually.
2. A mechanism is needed for accessing the builtin segment from the Cairo program. The example simulated_builtins.cairo uses a hint for this.
3. Reading and writing to the builtin segment is automatically managed by the simulated builtin runner. (just like before)
4. At the end of the execution (in the Cairo program), we must verify the correctness of the simulated builtin runner. See simple_bootloader.cairo for an example.

Closes #2155

[github-actions]

**Hyper Thereading Benchmark results**




hyperfine -r 2 -n "hyper_threading_main threads: 1" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=1 ./hyper_threading_main' -n "hyper_threading_pr threads: 1" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=1 ./hyper_threading_pr'
Benchmark 1: hyper_threading_main threads: 1
  Time (mean ± σ):     24.412 s ±  0.186 s    [User: 23.525 s, System: 0.885 s]
  Range (min … max):   24.280 s … 24.544 s    2 runs
 
Benchmark 2: hyper_threading_pr threads: 1
  Time (mean ± σ):     24.246 s ±  0.017 s    [User: 23.391 s, System: 0.852 s]
  Range (min … max):   24.234 s … 24.258 s    2 runs
 
Summary
  hyper_threading_pr threads: 1 ran
    1.01 ± 0.01 times faster than hyper_threading_main threads: 1




hyperfine -r 2 -n "hyper_threading_main threads: 2" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=2 ./hyper_threading_main' -n "hyper_threading_pr threads: 2" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=2 ./hyper_threading_pr'
Benchmark 1: hyper_threading_main threads: 2
  Time (mean ± σ):     13.249 s ±  0.023 s    [User: 23.573 s, System: 0.906 s]
  Range (min … max):   13.233 s … 13.266 s    2 runs
 
Benchmark 2: hyper_threading_pr threads: 2
  Time (mean ± σ):     13.250 s ±  0.056 s    [User: 23.571 s, System: 0.906 s]
  Range (min … max):   13.210 s … 13.289 s    2 runs
 
Summary
  hyper_threading_main threads: 2 ran
    1.00 ± 0.00 times faster than hyper_threading_pr threads: 2




hyperfine -r 2 -n "hyper_threading_main threads: 4" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=4 ./hyper_threading_main' -n "hyper_threading_pr threads: 4" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=4 ./hyper_threading_pr'
Benchmark 1: hyper_threading_main threads: 4
  Time (mean ± σ):      9.925 s ±  0.208 s    [User: 36.339 s, System: 1.082 s]
  Range (min … max):    9.778 s … 10.071 s    2 runs
 
Benchmark 2: hyper_threading_pr threads: 4
  Time (mean ± σ):     10.082 s ±  0.224 s    [User: 35.869 s, System: 1.031 s]
  Range (min … max):    9.924 s … 10.241 s    2 runs
 
Summary
  hyper_threading_main threads: 4 ran
    1.02 ± 0.03 times faster than hyper_threading_pr threads: 4




hyperfine -r 2 -n "hyper_threading_main threads: 6" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=6 ./hyper_threading_main' -n "hyper_threading_pr threads: 6" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=6 ./hyper_threading_pr'
Benchmark 1: hyper_threading_main threads: 6
  Time (mean ± σ):      9.857 s ±  0.044 s    [User: 36.330 s, System: 1.095 s]
  Range (min … max):    9.826 s …  9.888 s    2 runs
 
Benchmark 2: hyper_threading_pr threads: 6
  Time (mean ± σ):      9.748 s ±  0.037 s    [User: 36.514 s, System: 1.102 s]
  Range (min … max):    9.722 s …  9.774 s    2 runs
 
Summary
  hyper_threading_pr threads: 6 ran
    1.01 ± 0.01 times faster than hyper_threading_main threads: 6




hyperfine -r 2 -n "hyper_threading_main threads: 8" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=8 ./hyper_threading_main' -n "hyper_threading_pr threads: 8" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=8 ./hyper_threading_pr'
Benchmark 1: hyper_threading_main threads: 8
  Time (mean ± σ):      9.873 s ±  0.237 s    [User: 36.555 s, System: 1.115 s]
  Range (min … max):    9.705 s … 10.041 s    2 runs
 
Benchmark 2: hyper_threading_pr threads: 8
  Time (mean ± σ):      9.840 s ±  0.082 s    [User: 36.512 s, System: 1.110 s]
  Range (min … max):    9.782 s …  9.898 s    2 runs
 
Summary
  hyper_threading_pr threads: 8 ran
    1.00 ± 0.03 times faster than hyper_threading_main threads: 8




hyperfine -r 2 -n "hyper_threading_main threads: 16" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=16 ./hyper_threading_main' -n "hyper_threading_pr threads: 16" 'RAYON_NUM_THREADS=16 ./hyper_threading_pr'
Benchmark 1: hyper_threading_main threads: 16
  Time (mean ± σ):      9.995 s ±  0.139 s    [User: 36.801 s, System: 1.174 s]
  Range (min … max):    9.897 s … 10.094 s    2 runs
 
Benchmark 2: hyper_threading_pr threads: 16
  Time (mean ± σ):      9.889 s ±  0.004 s    [User: 36.722 s, System: 1.187 s]
  Range (min … max):    9.886 s …  9.892 s    2 runs
 
Summary
  hyper_threading_pr threads: 16 ran
    1.01 ± 0.01 times faster than hyper_threading_main threads: 16

[github-actions]

Benchmark Results for unmodified programs 🚀

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base big_factorial	2.056 ± 0.026	2.028	2.122	1.00 ± 0.02
head big_factorial	2.055 ± 0.032	2.025	2.115	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base big_fibonacci	1.969 ± 0.020	1.954	2.019	1.00 ± 0.01
head big_fibonacci	1.966 ± 0.009	1.955	1.985	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base blake2s_integration_benchmark	7.036 ± 0.029	7.005	7.104	1.00
head blake2s_integration_benchmark	7.084 ± 0.049	7.013	7.148	1.01 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base compare_arrays_200000	2.111 ± 0.010	2.094	2.129	1.00
head compare_arrays_200000	2.115 ± 0.009	2.105	2.133	1.00 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base dict_integration_benchmark	1.389 ± 0.005	1.383	1.398	1.00
head dict_integration_benchmark	1.410 ± 0.008	1.396	1.422	1.01 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base field_arithmetic_get_square_benchmark	1.171 ± 0.004	1.167	1.179	1.00
head field_arithmetic_get_square_benchmark	1.189 ± 0.005	1.182	1.197	1.02 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base integration_builtins	7.156 ± 0.034	7.106	7.214	1.00
head integration_builtins	7.161 ± 0.018	7.134	7.187	1.00 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base keccak_integration_benchmark	7.202 ± 0.040	7.145	7.286	1.00
head keccak_integration_benchmark	7.203 ± 0.024	7.162	7.239	1.00 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base linear_search	2.083 ± 0.006	2.075	2.094	1.00 ± 0.01
head linear_search	2.081 ± 0.017	2.067	2.120	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base math_cmp_and_pow_integration_benchmark	1.470 ± 0.015	1.454	1.496	1.00
head math_cmp_and_pow_integration_benchmark	1.479 ± 0.015	1.465	1.518	1.01 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base math_integration_benchmark	1.414 ± 0.006	1.406	1.425	1.00
head math_integration_benchmark	1.428 ± 0.010	1.419	1.455	1.01 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base memory_integration_benchmark	1.188 ± 0.012	1.177	1.220	1.00 ± 0.01
head memory_integration_benchmark	1.186 ± 0.006	1.177	1.195	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base operations_with_data_structures_benchmarks	1.499 ± 0.017	1.485	1.543	1.00
head operations_with_data_structures_benchmarks	1.505 ± 0.004	1.498	1.514	1.00 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [ms]	Min [ms]	Max [ms]	Relative
base pedersen	521.6 ± 3.8	518.5	532.0	1.00 ± 0.01
head pedersen	519.4 ± 1.6	517.0	521.9	1.00

Command	Mean [ms]	Min [ms]	Max [ms]	Relative
base poseidon_integration_benchmark	595.7 ± 4.8	591.1	604.8	1.00 ± 0.01
head poseidon_integration_benchmark	595.0 ± 2.1	591.3	598.4	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base secp_integration_benchmark	1.749 ± 0.008	1.742	1.765	1.00
head secp_integration_benchmark	1.754 ± 0.012	1.745	1.781	1.00 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [ms]	Min [ms]	Max [ms]	Relative
base set_integration_benchmark	619.2 ± 2.2	616.0	623.1	1.00 ± 0.00
head set_integration_benchmark	619.0 ± 1.4	617.3	622.4	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base uint256_integration_benchmark	4.021 ± 0.046	3.992	4.145	1.00
head uint256_integration_benchmark	4.023 ± 0.016	4.005	4.061	1.00 ± 0.01

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 96.68%. Comparing base (cfe117c) to head (916f768).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2167   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   96.67%   96.68%           
=======================================
  Files         103      104    +1     
  Lines       43954    44014   +60     
=======================================
+ Hits        42493    42553   +60     
  Misses       1461     1461           

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