docs(thesis): add UMS-style Rajah 3.1 Proses Kajian

docs/thesis/rajah_3_1_proses_kajian.py

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+"""Generate Rajah 3.1: Proses Kajian in UMS thesis style.
+
+Style requirements (Gaya UMS 2018):
+- Font: Tahoma 11 (Liberation Sans used as render-time substitute when
+  Tahoma is unavailable; open the SVG in Word/PowerPoint to switch fonts).
+- Black text on white background; minimal grayscale for phase headers.
+- Caption ``Rajah 3.1: Proses Kajian`` placed at bottom-left of the figure.
+- A4 portrait friendly aspect.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import matplotlib
+matplotlib.use("Agg")
+
+import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
+import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch, FancyBboxPatch
+
+# Prefer Tahoma if available; fall back to a close sans-serif.
+_PREFERRED = ["Tahoma", "Liberation Sans", "DejaVu Sans"]
+_available = {f.name for f in fm.fontManager.ttflist}
+FONT = next((f for f in _PREFERRED if f in _available), "sans-serif")
+plt.rcParams["font.family"] = FONT
+
+PHASES = [
+    {
+        "title": "FASA 1\nPEMBENTUKAN ASAS KAJIAN",
+        "steps": [
+            "Memahami konteks kajian sekolah\nrendah luar bandar Sabah",
+            "Mendefinisikan masalah kajian",
+            "Sorotan literatur dan teori",
+            "Mengenal pasti jurang kajian",
+            "Membangunkan model kajian",
+            "Membentuk persoalan, objektif\ndan hipotesis kajian",
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        "title": "FASA 2\nPEMBANGUNAN METODOLOGI\nDAN INSTRUMEN",
+        "steps": [
+            "Reka bentuk kuantitatif:\ntinjauan keratan lintang",
+            "Operasionalisasi konstruk\ndan pengukuran",
+            "Pembangunan soal selidik",
+            "Penentuan unit analisis dan\nreka bentuk persampelan",
+            "Pra-ujian instrumen: kesahan\nkandungan dan kebolehpercayaan",
+            "Kajian rintis",
+            "Pengumpulan data",
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        "title": "FASA 3\nANALISIS DATA DAN PELAPORAN",
+        "steps": [
+            "Saringan data menggunakan\nSPSS versi 29",
+            "Pengujian hipotesis melalui\nPLS-SEM dalam SmartPLS",
+            "Tafsiran dapatan",
+            "Perbincangan, rumusan\ndan pendokumentasian",
+        ],
+    },
+]
+
+# Layout constants (data units).
+COL_W = 5.8
+COL_GAP = 0.9
+BOX_W = 4.8
+BOX_H = 0.95
+V_GAP = 0.45
+HEADER_H = 1.55
+TOP_PAD = 0.6
+TERM_H = 0.75  # Mula / Tamat ovals
+
+n_cols = len(PHASES)
+fig_w_in = 13.5
+# Determine tallest column to size the figure.
+max_steps = max(len(p["steps"]) for p in PHASES)
+col_inner_h = TOP_PAD + TERM_H + V_GAP + HEADER_H + V_GAP + (max_steps * BOX_H) + (max_steps - 1) * V_GAP + V_GAP + TERM_H + 0.4
+fig_h_in = col_inner_h * 0.55
+
+fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(fig_w_in, fig_h_in))
+ax.set_xlim(0, n_cols * COL_W + (n_cols - 1) * COL_GAP + 0.5)
+ax.set_ylim(0, col_inner_h)
+ax.invert_yaxis()
+ax.set_aspect("equal")
+ax.axis("off")
+
+EDGE = "#000000"
+FILL = "#FFFFFF"
+HEADER_FILL = "#E8E8E8"
+
+
+def rect(x, y, w, h, *, fill=FILL, lw=1.1, radius=0.08):
+    patch = FancyBboxPatch(
+        (x, y),
+        w,
+        h,
+        boxstyle=f"round,pad=0.02,rounding_size={radius}",
+        linewidth=lw,
+        edgecolor=EDGE,
+        facecolor=fill,
+    )
+    ax.add_patch(patch)
+
+
+def oval(cx, cy, w, h, label):
+    e = mpatches.Ellipse((cx, cy), w, h, linewidth=1.2, edgecolor=EDGE, facecolor=FILL)
+    ax.add_patch(e)
+    ax.text(cx, cy, label, ha="center", va="center", fontsize=11, fontweight="bold")
+
+
+def arrow(x1, y1, x2, y2):
+    ax.add_patch(
+        FancyArrowPatch(
+            (x1, y1),
+            (x2, y2),
+            arrowstyle="-|>",
+            mutation_scale=14,
+            linewidth=1.1,
+            color=EDGE,
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def col_x(idx: int) -> float:
+    return 0.25 + idx * (COL_W + COL_GAP)
+
+
+# Track terminal y-positions so we can draw inter-phase arrows.
+phase_top_y = []
+phase_bottom_y = []
+phase_cx = []
+
+for idx, phase in enumerate(PHASES):
+    x0 = col_x(idx)
+    cx = x0 + COL_W / 2
+    phase_cx.append(cx)
+    y = TOP_PAD
+
+    # Header
+    rect(x0, y, COL_W, HEADER_H, fill=HEADER_FILL, lw=1.2, radius=0.05)
+    ax.text(
+        cx,
+        y + HEADER_H / 2,
+        phase["title"],
+        ha="center",
+        va="center",
+        fontsize=11,
+        fontweight="bold",
+    )
+    y += HEADER_H + V_GAP
+
+    # Mula oval only at the top of Phase 1
+    if idx == 0:
+        oval(cx, y + TERM_H / 2, 2.0, TERM_H, "Mula")
+        phase_top_y.append(y + TERM_H)
+        prev_bottom = y + TERM_H
+        y += TERM_H + V_GAP
+    else:
+        phase_top_y.append(y)
+        prev_bottom = y
+
+    # Steps
+    for step in phase["steps"]:
+        box_x = x0 + (COL_W - BOX_W) / 2
+        rect(box_x, y, BOX_W, BOX_H)
+        ax.text(cx, y + BOX_H / 2, step, ha="center", va="center", fontsize=10.5)
+        # Arrow from previous element
+        arrow(cx, prev_bottom, cx, y - 0.02)
+        prev_bottom = y + BOX_H
+        y += BOX_H + V_GAP
+
+    # Tamat oval only at the bottom of Phase 3
+    if idx == n_cols - 1:
+        oval(cx, y + TERM_H / 2, 2.0, TERM_H, "Tamat")
+        arrow(cx, prev_bottom, cx, y - 0.02)
+        prev_bottom = y + TERM_H
+
+    phase_bottom_y.append(prev_bottom)
+
+# Horizontal connectors between phases: route through the gap between columns.
+# From the right edge of the last box of phase i, go right into the gap,
+# then up to the level of phase i+1's header, then left into the left edge
+# of the first box of phase i+1.
+for i in range(n_cols - 1):
+    # Right edge of last box of phase i (use BOX_W centered on column).
+    x_box_right_i = phase_cx[i] + BOX_W / 2
+    # Left edge of first box of phase i+1.
+    x_box_left_next = phase_cx[i + 1] - BOX_W / 2
+    # Mid-gap x (between phase columns)
+    x_mid = (col_x(i) + COL_W + col_x(i + 1)) / 2
+
+    y_out = phase_bottom_y[i] - BOX_H / 2  # mid of last box of phase i
+    y_in = phase_top_y[i + 1] + BOX_H / 2  # mid of first box of phase i+1
+    # If phase i+1 starts with header (not terminator), phase_top_y is just
+    # below the header, so y_in lands on the first step's mid: that is fine.
+
+    # Segment 1: from right edge of last box of phase i to mid-gap
+    ax.plot(
+        [x_box_right_i, x_mid],
+        [y_out, y_out],
+        color=EDGE,
+        linewidth=1.1,
+    )
+    # Segment 2: vertical in the gap, from y_out up/down to y_in
+    ax.plot(
+        [x_mid, x_mid],
+        [y_out, y_in],
+        color=EDGE,
+        linewidth=1.1,
+    )
+    # Segment 3: from mid-gap to left edge of first box of phase i+1 (with arrow)
+    ax.add_patch(
+        FancyArrowPatch(
+            (x_mid, y_in),
+            (x_box_left_next - 0.02, y_in),
+            arrowstyle="-|>",
+            mutation_scale=14,
+            linewidth=1.1,
+            color=EDGE,
+        )
+    )
+
+# Caption (bottom-left, per UMS style for figures)
+fig.text(
+    0.06,
+    0.03,
+    "Rajah 3.1: Proses Kajian",
+    ha="left",
+    va="bottom",
+    fontsize=11,
+    fontweight="bold",
+)
+
+plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.02, right=0.99, top=0.99, bottom=0.07)
+
+out_png = "/home/user/paperbanana/docs/thesis/rajah_3_1_proses_kajian.png"
+out_svg = "/home/user/paperbanana/docs/thesis/rajah_3_1_proses_kajian.svg"
+fig.savefig(out_png, dpi=300, bbox_inches="tight", facecolor="white")
+fig.savefig(out_svg, bbox_inches="tight", facecolor="white")
+print(f"Saved: {out_png}")
+print(f"Saved: {out_svg}")
+print(f"Font used: {FONT}")