Add build option for randomized ML-DSA signing

.CMake/alg_support.cmake

@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ cmake_dependent_option(OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_768 "" ON "OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ML_KEM" O
 cmake_dependent_option(OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ml_kem_1024 "" ON "OQS_ENABLE_KEM_ML_KEM" OFF)
 
 option(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA "Enable ml_dsa algorithm family" ON)
+cmake_dependent_option(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING "Enable randomized signing for ML-DSA" ON "OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA" OFF)
 cmake_dependent_option(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ml_dsa_44 "" ON "OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA" OFF)
 cmake_dependent_option(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ml_dsa_65 "" ON "OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA" OFF)
 cmake_dependent_option(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ml_dsa_87 "" ON "OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA" OFF)

CONFIGURE.md

@@ -64,6 +64,14 @@ For a full list of such options and their default values, consult [.CMake/alg_su
 
 **Default**: Unset.
 
+### OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING
+
+Can be set to `ON` or `OFF`. When `ON`, ML-DSA signature algorithms are built with randomized signing enabled, resulting in non-deterministic signatures. When `OFF`, ML-DSA signature algorithms use deterministic signing.
+
+This option is only available if `OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA` is `ON`.
+
+**Default**: `ON`.
+
 ## OQS_ALGS_ENABLED
 
 A selected algorithm set is enabled. Possible values are "STD" selecting all algorithms standardized by NIST; "NIST_R4" selecting all algorithms evaluated in round 4 of the NIST PQC competition; "NIST_SIG_ONRAMP" selecting algorithms evaluated in the NIST PQC "onramp" standardization for additional signature schemes; "All" (or any other value) selecting all algorithms integrated into liboqs. Parameter setting "STD" minimizes library size but may require re-running code generator scripts in projects integrating `liboqs`; e.g., [oqs-provider](https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/oqs-provider) and [oqs-boringssl](https://github.com/open-quantum-safe/boringssl).

scripts/copy_from_upstream/.CMake/alg_support.cmake/add_enable_by_alg.fragment

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ cmake_dependent_option(OQS_ENABLE_KEM_{{ family['name'] }}_{{ scheme['alias_sche
 option(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_{{ family['name']|upper }} "Enable {{ family['name'] }} algorithm family" OFF)
 {%- else %}
 option(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_{{ family['name']|upper }} "Enable {{ family['name'] }} algorithm family" ON)
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if family['name'] == "ml_dsa" %}
+cmake_dependent_option(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING "Enable randomized signing for ML-DSA" ON "OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA" OFF)
 {%- endif %}
     {%- for scheme in family['schemes'] %}
 cmake_dependent_option(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_{{ family['name'] }}_{{ scheme['scheme'] }} "" ON "OQS_ENABLE_SIG_{{ family['name']|upper }}" OFF)

scripts/copy_from_upstream/patches/pqcrystals-ml_dsa.patch

@@ -140,10 +140,18 @@ index 5163526..e9bff1e 100644
        - architecture: x86_64
          operating_systems:
 diff --git a/avx2/config.h b/avx2/config.h
-index a9facc0..3944cb4 100644
+index a9facc0..da97994 100644
 --- a/avx2/config.h
 +++ b/avx2/config.h
-@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@
+@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
+ #define CONFIG_H
+
+ //#define DILITHIUM_MODE 2
+-#define DILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING
+ //#define USE_RDPMC
+ //#define DBENCH
+
+@@ -11,17 +10,17 @@
  #endif
 
  #if DILITHIUM_MODE == 2
@@ -520,10 +528,18 @@ index 8f3c3c5..fa49963 100644
 
  #endif
 diff --git a/ref/config.h b/ref/config.h
-index 98b8ccb..8008e11 100644
+index 98b8ccb..7d52ebc 100644
 --- a/ref/config.h
 +++ b/ref/config.h
-@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@
+@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
+ #define CONFIG_H
+
+ //#define DILITHIUM_MODE 2
+-#define DILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING
+ //#define USE_RDPMC
+ //#define DBENCH
+
+@@ -11,17 +10,17 @@
  #endif
 
  #if DILITHIUM_MODE == 2

scripts/copy_from_upstream/src/sig/family/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -46,6 +46,11 @@ if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_{{ family }}_{{ scheme['scheme_c'] }}_{{ impl['name'] }}{%- if
         {%- if impl['compile_opts'] %}
     target_compile_options({{ family }}_{{ scheme['scheme'] }}_{{ impl['name'] }} PUBLIC {{ impl['compile_opts'] }})
         {%- endif %}
+        {%- if family == 'ml_dsa' %}
+    if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+        target_compile_options({{ family }}_{{ scheme['scheme'] }}_{{ impl['name'] }} PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+    endif()
+        {%- endif %}
     set(_{{ family|upper }}_OBJS ${_{{ family|upper }}_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:{{ family }}_{{ scheme['scheme'] }}_{{ impl['name'] }}>)
 endif()
     {%- endfor -%}

src/sig/ml_dsa/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ml_dsa_44)
     target_include_directories(ml_dsa_44_ref PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/pqcrystals-dilithium-standard_ml-dsa-44_ref)
     target_include_directories(ml_dsa_44_ref PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/common/pqclean_shims)
     target_compile_options(ml_dsa_44_ref PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_MODE=2)
+    if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+        target_compile_options(ml_dsa_44_ref PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+    endif()
     set(_ML_DSA_OBJS ${_ML_DSA_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:ml_dsa_44_ref>)
 endif()
 
@@ -20,6 +23,9 @@ if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ml_dsa_44_avx2)
     target_include_directories(ml_dsa_44_avx2 PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/common/pqclean_shims)
     target_compile_options(ml_dsa_44_avx2 PRIVATE -mavx2 -mpopcnt)
     target_compile_options(ml_dsa_44_avx2 PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_MODE=2)
+    if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+        target_compile_options(ml_dsa_44_avx2 PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+    endif()
     set(_ML_DSA_OBJS ${_ML_DSA_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:ml_dsa_44_avx2>)
 endif()
 
@@ -29,6 +35,9 @@ if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ml_dsa_65)
     target_include_directories(ml_dsa_65_ref PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/pqcrystals-dilithium-standard_ml-dsa-65_ref)
     target_include_directories(ml_dsa_65_ref PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/common/pqclean_shims)
     target_compile_options(ml_dsa_65_ref PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_MODE=3)
+    if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+        target_compile_options(ml_dsa_65_ref PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+    endif()
     set(_ML_DSA_OBJS ${_ML_DSA_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:ml_dsa_65_ref>)
 endif()
 
@@ -38,6 +47,9 @@ if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ml_dsa_65_avx2)
     target_include_directories(ml_dsa_65_avx2 PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/common/pqclean_shims)
     target_compile_options(ml_dsa_65_avx2 PRIVATE -mavx2 -mpopcnt)
     target_compile_options(ml_dsa_65_avx2 PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_MODE=3)
+    if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+        target_compile_options(ml_dsa_65_avx2 PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+    endif()
     set(_ML_DSA_OBJS ${_ML_DSA_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:ml_dsa_65_avx2>)
 endif()
 
@@ -47,6 +59,9 @@ if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ml_dsa_87)
     target_include_directories(ml_dsa_87_ref PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/pqcrystals-dilithium-standard_ml-dsa-87_ref)
     target_include_directories(ml_dsa_87_ref PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/common/pqclean_shims)
     target_compile_options(ml_dsa_87_ref PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_MODE=5)
+    if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+        target_compile_options(ml_dsa_87_ref PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+    endif()
     set(_ML_DSA_OBJS ${_ML_DSA_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:ml_dsa_87_ref>)
 endif()
 
@@ -56,6 +71,9 @@ if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ml_dsa_87_avx2)
     target_include_directories(ml_dsa_87_avx2 PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/common/pqclean_shims)
     target_compile_options(ml_dsa_87_avx2 PRIVATE -mavx2 -mpopcnt)
     target_compile_options(ml_dsa_87_avx2 PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_MODE=5)
+    if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+        target_compile_options(ml_dsa_87_avx2 PUBLIC -DDILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+    endif()
     set(_ML_DSA_OBJS ${_ML_DSA_OBJS} $<TARGET_OBJECTS:ml_dsa_87_avx2>)
 endif()
 

src/sig/ml_dsa/pqcrystals-dilithium-standard_ml-dsa-44_avx2/config.h

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #define CONFIG_H
 
 //#define DILITHIUM_MODE 2
-#define DILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING
 //#define USE_RDPMC
 //#define DBENCH
 

src/sig/ml_dsa/pqcrystals-dilithium-standard_ml-dsa-44_ref/config.h

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #define CONFIG_H
 
 //#define DILITHIUM_MODE 2
-#define DILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING
 //#define USE_RDPMC
 //#define DBENCH
 

src/sig/ml_dsa/pqcrystals-dilithium-standard_ml-dsa-65_avx2/config.h

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #define CONFIG_H
 
 //#define DILITHIUM_MODE 2
-#define DILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING
 //#define USE_RDPMC
 //#define DBENCH
 

src/sig/ml_dsa/pqcrystals-dilithium-standard_ml-dsa-65_ref/config.h

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #define CONFIG_H
 
 //#define DILITHIUM_MODE 2
-#define DILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING
 //#define USE_RDPMC
 //#define DBENCH
 

src/sig/ml_dsa/pqcrystals-dilithium-standard_ml-dsa-87_avx2/config.h

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #define CONFIG_H
 
 //#define DILITHIUM_MODE 2
-#define DILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING
 //#define USE_RDPMC
 //#define DBENCH
 

src/sig/ml_dsa/pqcrystals-dilithium-standard_ml-dsa-87_ref/config.h

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #define CONFIG_H
 
 //#define DILITHIUM_MODE 2
-#define DILITHIUM_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING
 //#define USE_RDPMC
 //#define DBENCH
 

tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -154,6 +154,9 @@ endif()
 
 add_executable(test_sig test_sig.c test_helpers.c)
 target_link_libraries(test_sig PRIVATE ${TEST_DEPS})
+if(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+    target_compile_definitions(test_sig PRIVATE OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+endif()
 if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows" AND BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
     # workaround for Windows .dll
     if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)

tests/helpers.py

@@ -193,6 +193,17 @@ def available_use_options_by_name():
 def is_use_option_enabled_by_name(name):
     return name in available_use_options_by_name()
 
+def is_ml_dsa_randomized_signing_enabled():
+    header = os.path.join(get_current_build_dir_name(), 'include', 'oqs', 'oqsconfig.h')
+    try:
+        with open(header) as fh:
+            for line in fh:
+                if line.strip() == "#define OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING":
+                    return True
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    return False
+
 def get_kats(t):
     if kats[t] is None:
         with open(os.path.join('tests', 'KATs', t, 'kats.json'), 'r') as fp:

tests/test_acvp_vectors.py

@@ -159,6 +159,9 @@ def test_acvp_vec_ml_dsa_sig_gen(sig_name):
                 if variant["parameterSet"] == sig_name:
                     variantFound = True
                     for testCase in variant["tests"]:
+                        # Skip randomized signature vectors if built in deterministic mode
+                        if (not helpers.is_ml_dsa_randomized_signing_enabled()) and (not variant["deterministic"]):
+                            pytest.skip("Skipping randomized signature vector test: implementation built in deterministic mode")
                         sk = testCase["sk"]
                         message = testCase["message"]
                         signature = testCase["signature"]

tests/test_kat.py

@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ def test_sig(sig_name):
     kats = helpers.get_kats("sig")
     # slh dsa will run ACVP vectors instead
     if ("SLH_DSA" in sig_name): pytest.skip('slhdsa not enabled for KATs')
+    # Skip ML-DSA KATs if randomized signing is not enabled
+    if sig_name in ["ML-DSA-44", "ML-DSA-65", "ML-DSA-87"] and not helpers.is_ml_dsa_randomized_signing_enabled():
+        pytest.skip("Skipping ML-DSA KAT signature test: implementation built in deterministic mode")
     if not(helpers.is_sig_enabled_by_name(sig_name)): pytest.skip('Not enabled')
     output = helpers.run_subprocess(
         [helpers.path_to_executable('kat_sig'), sig_name],

tests/test_kat_all.py

@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ def test_sig(sig_name):
     kats = helpers.get_kats("sig")
     # slh dsa will run ACVP vectors instead
     if ("SLH_DSA" in sig_name): pytest.skip('slhdsa not enabled for KATs')
+    # Skip ML-DSA KATs if randomized signing is not enabled
+    if sig_name in ["ML-DSA-44", "ML-DSA-65", "ML-DSA-87"] and not helpers.is_ml_dsa_randomized_signing_enabled():
+        pytest.skip("Skipping ML-DSA KAT signature test: implementation built in deterministic mode")
     if not(helpers.is_sig_enabled_by_name(sig_name)): pytest.skip('Not enabled')
     output = helpers.run_subprocess(
         [helpers.path_to_executable('kat_sig'), sig_name, '--all'],

tests/test_sig.c

@@ -244,6 +244,110 @@ static OQS_STATUS sig_test_correctness(const char *method_name, bool bitflips_al
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static OQS_STATUS sig_test_repeat_signing(const char *method_name, bool is_randomized) {
+	OQS_SIG *sig = NULL;
+	uint8_t *public_key = NULL;
+	uint8_t *secret_key = NULL;
+	uint8_t *message = NULL;
+	size_t message_len = 100;
+	uint8_t *signature1 = NULL;
+	size_t signature1_len;
+	uint8_t *signature2 = NULL;
+	size_t signature2_len;
+	OQS_STATUS rc, ret = OQS_ERROR;
+
+	sig = OQS_SIG_new(method_name);
+	if (sig == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: OQS_SIG_new failed for %s\n", method_name);
+		return OQS_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	printf("Testing %s signing for %s\n", is_randomized ? "randomized" : "deterministic", sig->method_name);
+
+	public_key = OQS_MEM_malloc(sig->length_public_key);
+	secret_key = OQS_MEM_malloc(sig->length_secret_key);
+	message = OQS_MEM_malloc(message_len);
+	signature1 = OQS_MEM_malloc(sig->length_signature);
+	signature2 = OQS_MEM_malloc(sig->length_signature);
+
+	if ((public_key == NULL) || (secret_key == NULL) || (message == NULL) || (signature1 == NULL) || (signature2 == NULL)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: OQS_MEM_malloc failed\n");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	OQS_randombytes(message, message_len);
+
+	rc = OQS_SIG_keypair(sig, public_key, secret_key);
+	if (rc != OQS_SUCCESS) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: OQS_SIG_keypair failed\n");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = OQS_SIG_sign(sig, signature1, &signature1_len, message, message_len, secret_key);
+	if (rc != OQS_SUCCESS) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: OQS_SIG_sign failed\n");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = OQS_SIG_sign(sig, signature2, &signature2_len, message, message_len, secret_key);
+	if (rc != OQS_SUCCESS) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: OQS_SIG_sign failed\n");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	if (signature1_len != signature2_len) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: %s signing for %s produced signatures of different lengths (%zu vs %zu). This should not happen.\n",
+		        is_randomized ? "Randomized" : "Deterministic", sig->method_name, signature1_len, signature2_len);
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	if (is_randomized) {
+		if (memcmp(signature1, signature2, signature1_len) == 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Two signatures of the same message are identical in randomized mode.\n");
+			goto err;
+		} else {
+			printf("Two signatures of the same message are not identical, as expected for randomized mode.\n");
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (memcmp(signature1, signature2, signature1_len) != 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Two signatures of the same message are NOT identical in deterministic mode.\n");
+			goto err;
+		} else {
+			printf("Two signatures of the same message are identical, as expected for deterministic mode.\n");
+		}
+	}
+
+	rc = OQS_SIG_verify(sig, message, message_len, signature1, signature1_len, public_key);
+	if (rc != OQS_SUCCESS) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: OQS_SIG_verify failed for signature 1\n");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	rc = OQS_SIG_verify(sig, message, message_len, signature2, signature2_len, public_key);
+	if (rc != OQS_SUCCESS) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: OQS_SIG_verify failed for signature 2\n");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	printf("verification passes as expected\n");
+	ret = OQS_SUCCESS;
+	goto cleanup;
+
+err:
+	ret = OQS_ERROR;
+
+cleanup:
+	if (secret_key) {
+		OQS_MEM_secure_free(secret_key, sig->length_secret_key);
+	}
+	OQS_MEM_insecure_free(public_key);
+	OQS_MEM_insecure_free(message);
+	OQS_MEM_insecure_free(signature1);
+	OQS_MEM_insecure_free(signature2);
+	OQS_SIG_free(sig);
+
+	return ret;
+}
 #ifdef OQS_ENABLE_TEST_CONSTANT_TIME
 static void TEST_SIG_randombytes(uint8_t *random_array, size_t bytes_to_read) {
 	// We can't make direct calls to the system randombytes on some platforms,
@@ -349,6 +453,17 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 	}
 #endif
 
+	if (strncmp(alg_name, "ML-DSA", 6) == 0) {
+#if defined(OQS_ENABLE_SIG_ML_DSA_RANDOMIZED_SIGNING)
+		rc = sig_test_repeat_signing(alg_name, true);
+#else
+		rc = sig_test_repeat_signing(alg_name, false);
+#endif
+		if (rc != OQS_SUCCESS) {
+			OQS_destroy();
+			return EXIT_FAILURE;
+		}
+	}
 #if OQS_USE_PTHREADS && !defined(OQS_ENABLE_TEST_CONSTANT_TIME)
 #define MAX_LEN_SIG_NAME_ 64
 	// don't run algorithms with large stack usage in threads