PG-1213 Add SQL function for checking if WAL record is encrypted

[artemgavrilov]

https://perconadev.atlassian.net/browse/PG-1213

This PR bumps major version for the extension and introduces two new functions:

1. pg_tde_is_wal_record_encrypted - checks if record with provided LSN is encrypted. Function by default assumes that given LSN belongs to the current timeline, but allows to specify exact timeline id via optional argument.
2. pg_tde_get_wal_encryption_ranges - returns WAL encryption ranges. Within provided ranges all records are encrypted. I decided to not expose knowledge about "internal keys" and represent this information just as "encryption ranges". TAP tests for this function doesn't use output files but instead relies on assertion because LSN numbers not stable in different envs/test runs.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 86.95652% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 82.15%. Comparing base (6ddc86c) to head (6d0da57).

❌ Your project status has failed because the head coverage (82.15%) is below the target coverage (90.00%). You can increase the head coverage or adjust the target coverage.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                  Coverage Diff                  @@
##           TDE_REL_17_STABLE     #514      +/-   ##
=====================================================
+ Coverage              82.08%   82.15%   +0.06%     
=====================================================
  Files                     25       25              
  Lines                   3170     3216      +46     
  Branches                 505      514       +9     
=====================================================
+ Hits                    2602     2642      +40     
- Misses                   460      464       +4     
- Partials                 108      110       +2     

Components	Coverage Δ
access	83.42% <ø> (ø)
catalog	87.60% <ø> (ø)
common	77.77% <ø> (ø)
encryption	72.97% <ø> (ø)
keyring	73.21% <ø> (ø)
src	93.26% <86.95%> (-0.90%)	⬇️
smgr	95.90% <ø> (ø)
transam	∅ <ø> (∅)

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