Consider property access from class objects (now for real)

[sterliakov]

Supersedes #18504. Fixes #16090. Fixes #8085.

This PR extracts first subset of changes initially submitted in #18504. It is known to make handling of unsupported constructs (property setter overrides and non-adjacent property components handling) worse, those problems will be addressed in a follow-up PR to make this one better scoped.

Please DO NOT MERGE if a release is planned soon, override regressions may be problematic for some users.

[sterliakov]

OK, the primer matches what I saw in the original PR modulo disappeared errors related to non-adjacent property setters and property setter overrides.

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

spark (https://github.com/apache/spark)
+ python/pyspark/instrumentation_utils.py:83: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]

ppb-vector (https://github.com/ppb/ppb-vector)
+ tests/utils.py:86: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]

core (https://github.com/home-assistant/core)
+ homeassistant/components/template/update.py:432: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/template/update.py:432: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/template/update.py:432: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/template/image.py:120: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/template/image.py:120: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/template/image.py:120: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/template/image.py:162: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/template/image.py:162: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/template/image.py:162: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/template/image.py:163: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/template/image.py:163: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/template/image.py:163: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/mqtt/sensor.py:398: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/mqtt/sensor.py:398: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/mqtt/sensor.py:398: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/mqtt/binary_sensor.py:256: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/mqtt/binary_sensor.py:256: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/mqtt/binary_sensor.py:256: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/rest/sensor.py:148: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/rest/sensor.py:148: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/rest/sensor.py:148: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/rest/sensor.py:149: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/rest/sensor.py:149: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/rest/sensor.py:149: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/rest/binary_sensor.py:141: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/rest/binary_sensor.py:141: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/rest/binary_sensor.py:141: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/rest/binary_sensor.py:142: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/rest/binary_sensor.py:142: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/rest/binary_sensor.py:142: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/scrape/sensor.py:226: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/scrape/sensor.py:226: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/scrape/sensor.py:226: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ homeassistant/components/scrape/sensor.py:227: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ homeassistant/components/scrape/sensor.py:227: error: "None" not callable  [misc]
+ homeassistant/components/scrape/sensor.py:227: note: Error code "misc" not covered by "type: ignore" comment

egglog-python (https://github.com/egraphs-good/egglog-python)
+ python/tests/test_high_level.py:638: error: "property" not callable  [operator]

pandas (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas)
+ pandas/core/groupby/indexing.py:248: error: Argument 1 to "doc" has incompatible type "property"; expected "str | Callable[..., Any] | None"  [arg-type]
+ pandas/core/series.py:359: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ pandas/core/indexing.py:1244: error: Argument 1 to "doc" has incompatible type "property"; expected "str | Callable[..., Any] | None"  [arg-type]
+ pandas/core/indexing.py:1595: error: Argument 1 to "doc" has incompatible type "property"; expected "str | Callable[..., Any] | None"  [arg-type]
+ pandas/core/indexing.py:2559: error: Argument 1 to "doc" has incompatible type "property"; expected "str | Callable[..., Any] | None"  [arg-type]
+ pandas/core/indexing.py:2609: error: Argument 1 to "doc" has incompatible type "property"; expected "str | Callable[..., Any] | None"  [arg-type]
+ pandas/core/indexes/datetimelike.py:138: error: Argument 1 to "doc" has incompatible type "property"; expected "str | Callable[..., Any] | None"  [arg-type]
+ pandas/core/indexes/datetimelike.py:155: error: Argument 1 to "doc" has incompatible type "property"; expected "str | Callable[..., Any] | None"  [arg-type]
+ pandas/core/indexes/datetimelike.py:526: error: Argument 1 to "doc" has incompatible type "property"; expected "str | Callable[..., Any] | None"  [arg-type]
+ pandas/core/indexes/base.py:4972: error: Argument 1 to "doc" has incompatible type "property"; expected "str | Callable[..., Any] | None"  [arg-type]

ibis (https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis)
- ibis/expr/operations/udf.py:155: error: Argument 2 to "type" has incompatible type "tuple[Callable[[_UDF], type[B]]]"; expected "tuple[type, ...]"  [arg-type]
+ ibis/expr/operations/udf.py:155: error: Argument 2 to "type" has incompatible type "tuple[property]"; expected "tuple[type, ...]"  [arg-type]
- ibis/backends/tests/base.py:186: error: "Callable[[BackendTest], Iterable[str]]" has no attribute "__iter__" (not iterable)  [attr-defined]
+ ibis/backends/tests/base.py:186: error: "property" has no attribute "__iter__" (not iterable)  [attr-defined]

discord.py (https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py)
- discord/member.py:509: error: "Callable[[Member], Status]" has no attribute "setter"  [attr-defined]

pandera (https://github.com/pandera-dev/pandera)
- pandera/engines/pandas_engine.py:1258: error: No overload variant of "list" matches argument type "Callable[[BaseModel], dict[str, FieldInfo]]"  [call-overload]
+ pandera/engines/pandas_engine.py:1258: error: No overload variant of "list" matches argument type "property"  [call-overload]
+ pandera/api/pandas/container.py:19: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ pandera/api/polars/container.py:70: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ pandera/api/ibis/container.py:110: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]

pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg)
- pwndbg/aglib/heap/structs.py:177: error: Invalid index type "Any | type[Any] | _CField[Any, Any, Any] | overloaded function" for "dict[type[object], Type]"; expected type "type[object]"  [index]
+ pwndbg/aglib/heap/structs.py:177: error: Invalid index type "Any | type[Any] | _CField[Any, Any, Any] | property" for "dict[type[object], Type]"; expected type "type[object]"  [index]
- pwndbg/aglib/heap/structs.py:179: error: Argument 1 to "array" of "Type" has incompatible type "Any | _CField[Any, Any, Any] | overloaded function"; expected "int"  [arg-type]
+ pwndbg/aglib/heap/structs.py:179: error: Argument 1 to "array" of "Type" has incompatible type "Any | _CField[Any, Any, Any] | property"; expected "int"  [arg-type]
- pwndbg/aglib/heap/structs.py:208: error: Invalid index type "Any | type[Any] | _CField[Any, Any, Any] | overloaded function" for "dict[type[object], Type]"; expected type "type[object]"  [index]
+ pwndbg/aglib/heap/structs.py:208: error: Invalid index type "Any | type[Any] | _CField[Any, Any, Any] | property" for "dict[type[object], Type]"; expected type "type[object]"  [index]
- pwndbg/aglib/heap/structs.py:209: error: Argument 1 to "array" of "Type" has incompatible type "Any | _CField[Any, Any, Any] | overloaded function"; expected "int"  [arg-type]
+ pwndbg/aglib/heap/structs.py:209: error: Argument 1 to "array" of "Type" has incompatible type "Any | _CField[Any, Any, Any] | property"; expected "int"  [arg-type]

xarray (https://github.com/pydata/xarray)
+ xarray/core/variable.py:2777: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ xarray/core/variable.py:2784: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]