Combine microsoft/python-type-stubs/sqlalchemy

[Avasam]

Includes #9596 and #9568, so merge those first. (keeping this as draft until then, I've also yet to self-review my own PR with a fresh mind)
If you'd like me to split up this PR (maybe you'd like to review a specific section in isolation) and you can think of a decent way to do so, let me know.
In the same vein, I'd rather not add more type-hints, even if they seem obvious (unless it's to fix an issue). I would consider it scope-creeping given the motivation behind this PR: #9595 (comment)

Brings types-sqlalchemy on par with https://github.com/microsoft/python-type-stubs/tree/main/sqlalchemy and https://github.com/dropbox/sqlalchemy-stubs. Except for making most classes (mainly Column and Row related ones) generic. As that would cause hundreds, if not thousands of additional (and unhelpful) mypy_primer differences. It also helps keep this PR more manageable and focus on the non-generic type issues.

Merged stubs, avoided new generics, manually reviewed possible types and fixed existing type issues I found.
Standardized imports (relative seems to be preferred for this stub) and fixed a handful of pytype references issues with imports. (google/pytype#1087)
I tried my best to fully comment the confusing parts.

[Avasam]

@hauntsaninja I have a mypy_primer question for you. What's up with these diff lines -->

And does it mean anything to us or is it related to: https://github.com/hauntsaninja/mypy_primer/blob/master/mypy_primer.py#L521

Edit: no longer an issue

[Avasam]

I'm not getting this pytype error locally with WSL.

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

optuna (https://github.com/optuna/optuna)
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:64: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:72: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:119: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:151: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:187: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:213: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:245: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:290: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:322: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:377: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:451: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:524: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
+ optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:571: error: Incompatible return value type (got "Optional[VersionInfoModel]", expected "VersionInfoModel")  [return-value]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:556: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/models.py:569: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/storage.py:757: error: Call to untyped function "one_or_none" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/storage.py:807: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Set[Any]", variable has type "List[Tuple[Any]]")  [assignment]
+ optuna/storages/_rdb/storage.py:807: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Set[Any]", variable has type "List[Any]")  [assignment]
- optuna/storages/_rdb/storage.py:1143: error: Incompatible return value type (got "ColumnOperators[Any]", expected "bool")  [return-value]
+ optuna/storages/_rdb/storage.py:1143: error: Incompatible return value type (got "Union[BinaryExpression, bool]", expected "bool")  [return-value]

prefect (https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect)
+ src/prefect/server/utilities/database.py:240: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Timestamp", base class "ColumnElement" defined the type as "Callable[[ColumnElement[Any]], Optional[TypeEngine]]")  [assignment]
+ src/prefect/server/utilities/database.py:277: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Timestamp", base class "ColumnElement" defined the type as "Callable[[ColumnElement[Any]], Optional[TypeEngine]]")  [assignment]
+ src/prefect/server/utilities/database.py:330: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Interval", base class "ColumnElement" defined the type as "Callable[[ColumnElement[Any]], Optional[TypeEngine]]")  [assignment]
+ src/prefect/server/utilities/database.py:382: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Interval", base class "ColumnElement" defined the type as "Callable[[ColumnElement[Any]], Optional[TypeEngine]]")  [assignment]
+ src/prefect/server/database/query_components.py:422: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "CTE", variable has type "Select")  [assignment]
+ src/prefect/server/models/block_registration.py:137: error: "SessionTransaction" has no attribute "__aenter__"  [attr-defined]
+ src/prefect/server/models/block_registration.py:137: error: "SessionTransaction" has no attribute "__aexit__"  [attr-defined]
+ src/prefect/server/models/block_registration.py:159: error: "SessionTransaction" has no attribute "__aenter__"  [attr-defined]
+ src/prefect/server/models/block_registration.py:159: error: "SessionTransaction" has no attribute "__aexit__"  [attr-defined]
+ src/prefect/server/models/block_documents.py:306: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "CTE", variable has type "Select")  [assignment]

ibis (https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis)
+ ibis/backends/base/sql/alchemy/registry.py:21: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "String", base class "GenericFunction" defined the type as "Callable[[GenericFunction], Union[TypeEngine, Type[TypeEngine]]]")  [assignment]
- ibis/backends/base/sql/alchemy/datatypes.py:20: error: Module has no attribute "to_instance"  [attr-defined]
- ibis/backends/base/sql/alchemy/datatypes.py:44: error: Module has no attribute "to_instance"  [attr-defined]
- ibis/backends/base/sql/alchemy/datatypes.py:60: error: Module has no attribute "to_instance"  [attr-defined]
- ibis/backends/base/sql/alchemy/datatypes.py:61: error: Module has no attribute "to_instance"  [attr-defined]
+ ibis/backends/base/sql/alchemy/__init__.py:152: error: Module has no attribute "registry"  [attr-defined]
+ ibis/backends/base/sql/alchemy/__init__.py:527: error: List item 1 has incompatible type "str"; expected "None"  [list-item]
+ ibis/backends/druid/__init__.py:51: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Callable[[Any, str, Any], bool]", variable has type "Callable[[Any, Any, Optional[Any], KwArg(Any)], bool]")  [assignment]
- ibis/backends/snowflake/__init__.py:153: error: Module has no attribute "to_instance"  [attr-defined]
- ibis/backends/snowflake/__init__.py:439: error: Module has no attribute "to_instance"  [attr-defined]
- ibis/backends/druid/__init__.py:51: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Callable[[Any, str, Any], bool]", variable has type "Callable[[Any, Any, Optional[Any], KwArg(Any)], None]")  [assignment]