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Update iron-air assumptions to be more conservative #179

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Mar 11, 2025
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Update iron-air assumptions to be more conservative #179

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d9be89d
Improve source filename consistency
tgilon Feb 6, 2025
2b56b34
Fix minor formatting
tgilon Feb 6, 2025
4c18eda
Add release note
tgilon Feb 6, 2025
4833834
code: apply pre-commit changes
finozzifa Feb 6, 2025
27e0a00
Update iron-air assumptions to be more conservative
tgilon Feb 6, 2025
f083938
Add release note
tgilon Feb 6, 2025
dfe95c3
Merge branch 'master' into fix-fn-consistency
tgilon Mar 10, 2025
fa91f9b
Update outputs using latest data from master
tgilon Mar 10, 2025
d0c6363
Add purge rule
tgilon Mar 10, 2025
c8925aa
Add all rule
tgilon Mar 10, 2025
df7e9e5
Add release note
tgilon Mar 10, 2025
4ee40b2
Merge branch 'master' into update-iron-air
tgilon Mar 10, 2025
9865457
Update release_notes.rst
tgilon Mar 10, 2025
bfc6451
Merge branch 'fix-fn-consistency' into update-iron-air
tgilon Mar 10, 2025
e975b9e
Merge branch 'add-purge-all' into update-iron-air
tgilon Mar 10, 2025
94945ac
Remove European premium for US cost assumptions
tgilon Mar 10, 2025
39cbe04
Merge branch 'master' into update-iron-air
tgilon Mar 11, 2025
dac5647
code: apply pre-commit changes
tgilon Mar 11, 2025
7b28df6
Merge branch 'master' into update-iron-air
tgilon Mar 11, 2025
459708f
Update release_notes.rst
tgilon Mar 11, 2025
5f0ddba
Fix test for manual_input_usa
tgilon Mar 11, 2025
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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions docs/release_notes.rst
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Upcoming Release

* Include unit test execution and compile_cost_assumptions_usa.py in ci.yaml (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/174)
* Align `snakemake` version and the related `mock_snakemake` to PyPSA-Eur (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/177)
* Improve assumptions for iron-air batteries (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/179)

`v0.11.0 <https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/releases/tag/v0.11.0>`__ (24th January 2025)
=======================================================================================
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34 changes: 17 additions & 17 deletions inputs/manual_input.csv
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Expand Up @@ -484,20 +484,20 @@ Natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,2030,0.05,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES F
Natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,2050,0.05,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",
Coal gasification CC,FOM,2030,0.07,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",
Biomass gasification CC,FOM,2030,0.02,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model ",
iron-air battery,FOM,2025,1.02185373078457,%/year,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,FOM,2030,1,%/year,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,FOM,2035,1.10628646943421,%/year,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,FOM,2040,1.1807773334732,%/year,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2025,23.45,EUR/kWh,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2030,15.61,EUR/kWh,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2035,11.79,EUR/kWh,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2040,10.4,EUR/kWh,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2025,0.7,per unit,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2030,0.71,per unit,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2035,0.73,per unit,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2040,0.74,per unit,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2025,0.59,per unit,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2030,0.6,per unit,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2035,0.62,per unit,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2040,0.63,per unit,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,lifetime,2030,17.5,years,2020,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,FOM,2025,1.02185373078457,%/year,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,FOM,2030,1,%/year,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,FOM,2035,1.10628646943421,%/year,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,FOM,2040,1.1807773334732,%/year,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2025,30.05,EUR/kWh,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2030,20.00,EUR/kWh,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2035,15.11,EUR/kWh,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2040,13.33,EUR/kWh,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2025,0.70,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2030,0.71,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2035,0.73,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2040,0.74,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2025,0.59,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2030,0.60,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2035,0.62,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2040,0.63,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,lifetime,2030,17.5,years,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions outputs/US/costs_2020.csv
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -1002,11 +1002,11 @@ industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy
industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,877.2984,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,,
industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,,
iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,,
iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,investment,23.45,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery,investment,25.1342,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,,,,
lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0,,
lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0,,
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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions outputs/US/costs_2025.csv
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Expand Up @@ -1002,11 +1002,11 @@ industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.625,per unit,"Danish Energy
industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,830.775,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,,
industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,,
iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,,
iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,investment,23.45,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery,investment,25.1342,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,,,,
lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0,,
lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0,,
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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions outputs/US/costs_2030.csv
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Expand Up @@ -1002,11 +1002,11 @@ industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.7,per unit,"Danish Energy A
industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,784.2516,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,,
industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,,
iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,,
iron-air battery,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,investment,15.61,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.71,per unit,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery,investment,16.7282,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.71,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,,,,
lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0,,
lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0,,
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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions outputs/US/costs_2035.csv
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -1002,11 +1002,11 @@ industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.75,per unit,"Danish Energy
industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,759.6808,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0,,
industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0,,
iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0,,
iron-air battery,FOM,1.1063,%/year,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,investment,11.79,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.73,per unit,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Form Energy, FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2020.0,,
iron-air battery,FOM,1.1063,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery,investment,12.6382,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.73,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0,,
lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,,,,
lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0,,
lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0,,
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