Refactor extraction to bypass the orphan rules

[kristoff3r]

Objective

Fixes #18722, and allows ExtractComponent to be used for foreign types.

Solution

• Split the Out type from ExtractComponent to a SyncComponent trait. This allows types to use the synchronization logic without the extraction logic, and allows SyncComponentPlugin to correctly identify which components should be removed.
• Don't delete the entire entity but only the Out components in SyncComponentPlugin/SyncWorldPlugin, fixing Use of SyncComponentPlugin on ExtractComponentPlugin causes RenderEntity to be incorrectly despawned #18722.
• Add marker types to ExtractComponent and SyncComponent, allowing them to be implemented for foreign types outside bevy_render. (Example: DirectionalLight is defined in bevy_light which doesn't depend on bevy_render, and used by bevy_pbr. Without the marker no crate is allowed to implement the trait.)

During some earlier render crate refactors by @atlv24, some uses of ExtractComponent was converted to manual implementations. I have not ported these back, that can be done in follow up PRs.

As a follow up it might be interesting to make a derive macro for SyncComponent, and/or update the ExtractComponent macro to be able to customize the behavior around syncing.

Testing

Ran a bunch of the examples. It would be good to test others, especially ones that toggle components.

A test case is in #22758. If that one gets merged first this PR should be updated to uncomment the relevant assert. edit: the assert has been added.

[atlv24]

this is pretty clever, needs a migration guide though

[atlv24]

glad theres a way to clean this up and fix a bug too, excited to see this tucked away into a derive macro

[alice-i-cecile]

#22758 is merging; can you update this and ping me?

[mockersf]

Since this PR, some examples like light_probe_blending log a spam of

ERROR bevy_pbr::cluster: Clustered light or decal 4v0 had no assigned index!

which shouldn't happen according to the comment above the log

bevy/crates/bevy_pbr/src/cluster.rs

Lines 418 to 424 in 9c6415c

	// This should never happen. The appropriate systems
	// should have populated
	// `global_clusterable_object_meta` by now.
	error!(
	"Clustered light or decal {:?} had no assigned index!",
	entity
	);