Update golang toolchain to 1.23.5

[ajaysundark]

etcd-operator: update golang toolchain to 1.23.5

Subtask from Issue: etcd-io/etcd#19210

1. Retrieve golang:1.23.5-bookworm digest from docker hub (use the list-manifest for make to work would work with multi-arch):

TOKEN=$(curl -s "https://auth.docker.io/token?service=registry.docker.io&scope=repository:library/golang:pull" | jq -r .token)
curl -s -I -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" -H "Accept: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json" "https://registry.hub.docker.com/v2/library/golang/manifests/1.23.5-bookworm" | grep -i "Docker-Content-Digest"

2. Verify able to build and run unit-tests as -

make build
make docker-build
make test

[k8s-ci-robot]

Hi @ajaysundark. Thanks for your PR.

I'm waiting for a etcd-io member to verify that this patch is reasonable to test. If it is, they should reply with /ok-to-test on its own line. Until that is done, I will not automatically test new commits in this PR, but the usual testing commands by org members will still work. Regular contributors should join the org to skip this step.

Once the patch is verified, the new status will be reflected by the ok-to-test label.

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[ivanvc]

/ok-to-test

[hakman]

@ajaysundark Please check all places where go 1.23.4 is referenced and update those too. Thanks!

[ajaysundark]

@ajaysundark Please check all places where go 1.23.4 is referenced and update those too. Thanks!

Thanks for the call out. Also updated the golang image in dockerfile.

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: ahrtr, ajaysundark

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